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Yıl:2008; Cilt: 19; Sayı: 2>> Özet
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Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2008;19(2):141-148
Şizofreni Belirtilerinin Faktör Yapısı: Bağımsız Madde Analizi Nasıl Bir Modeli Destekliyor?
ETÖ Kızıl, MC Saka, EC Atbaşoğlu, AK Göğüş
Ankara Ü Tıp Fak., Psikiyatri AD., Ankara
Amaç: Pozitif Belirtileri Değerlendirme Ölçeği (PBDÖ) ve Negatif Belirtileri Değerlendirme Ölçeği (NBDÖ) şizofrenide belirti şiddetini değerlendirmede yaygın olarak kullanılan ölçeklerdir. Bu ölçeklerin genel alt ölçek puanları kullanılarak yapılan faktör analizi çalışmaları genellikle üç faktörlü modeli desteklemektedir. Madde düzeyinde yapılan az sayıda çalışmada ise daha fazla sayıda boyut elde edilmiştir. Ülkemizde şizofreni belirtilerinin faktör yapılarının araştırıldığı çalışmalar olmadığı gibi, ölçeklerin Türkçe formlarının yapı geçerliği de çalışılmamıştır. Bu çalışma, şizofreni hastalarında PBDÖ ve NBDÖ'nün bağımsız maddelerinin faktör yapısını ve ölçeklerin yapı geçerliğini araştırmayı hedeflemektedir.

Yöntem: Çalışmaya 180 DSM-IV şizofreni hastası alınmıştır. Ana bileşen analizi ve varimaks rotasyonu gibi standart faktör analizi yöntemleri kullanılarak belirtilerin faktör yapıları belirlenmiştir.

Bulgular: Global maddelerin analizinde pozitif, negatif ve dezorganizasyon olmak üzere üç faktör elde edilmiştir. Madde düzeyinde yapılan analizde ise 12 faktör elde edilmiştir. Bunlar: Psikomotor yoksulluk, Pozitif yapısal düşünce bozukluğu, İşitsel/görsel varsanılar, Sosyal ve mesleki işlev kusuru, Tuhaf sanrılar, Dikkat/Stereotipi, Paranoid özellikler, Bedensel varsanılar/sanrılar, Görünüm, Büyüklük/Dinsel sanrılar, Uygunsuz duygulanım ve Kıskançlık sanrılarıdır.

Sonuç: Önceki çalışmaların sonuçları ile uyumlu olarak, hem global hem de madde düzeyinde elde edilen faktör yapıları basit pozitif-negatif dikotomisini de, altölçek yapılarını da desteklememiştir. Özellikle pozitif belirtiler için, ilerideki çalışmalarda bağımsız maddelerin kullanılmasının uygun olacağı düşünülmektedir.

The Factor Structure of Schizophrenic Symptoms: Which Model is Supported by Independent Item Analysis?
Objective: Most studies that have investigated the symptom dimensions of schizophrenia utilizing the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS) and the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS), both global rating scales, favored a 3-factor model. Only a few studies have examined the factor structure at the item level and they suggest a wider dimensional structure. The factor structure of schizophrenic symptoms has not been previously studied in Turkey, nor has the construct validity of these scales. The present study sought to determine the factor structure of the independent items and the construct validity of the scales.

Method: The study included 180 schizophrenia patients (diagnoses based on DSM-IV criteria). The standard statistical methods of principal component analysis (PCA) and varimax rotation were used to extract factors.

Results: PCA of the global items yielded a 3-factor solution, representing positive, negative, and disorganization dimensions. Item-level factor analysis revealed 12 factors: Psychomotor poverty, positive formal thought disorder, auditory/visual hallucinations, social and occupational dysfunction, bizarre delusions, attention/stereotypy, paranoid features, somatic hallucinations/delusions, appearance, grandiose/religious delusions, inappropriate affect, and delusions of jealousy.

Conclusion: Consistent with previous studies, neither the global nor the item-level factor structures supported the simple positive-negative dichotomy or the composition of the sub-scales; therefore, future studies should make use of the single items, especially when positive symptoms are being studied.

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