Dergi Ara >>
Yıl:2007; Cilt: 8; Sayı: 2>> Özet
TAM METİN
Bağımlılık Dergisi; 2007;8(2):102-107
Hallüsinojen Kullanımıyla İlişkili Akut ve Kronik Durumlar ile Tedavi Yaklaşımları
Ö Öztürk, Y Genç, G Odabaşıoğlu, M Beyazyürek
Balıklı Rum Hastanesi Vakfı, Anatolia Klinikleri
Psikodelik olarak da adlandırılan hallüsinojenler,
kullanımları sonrasında kullanan kişide hallüsinasyon, illüzyon
ve sanrı yaratan maddelerdir. Sentetik olabilecekleri gibi doğal
olarak da bazı bitkilerin içeriğinde bulunabilmektedirler. Bu
tür sentetik hallüsinojenlerin prototipi sayılan LSD ( liserjik
asid dietil amid) 1938 yılında Albert Hoffman tarafından
Sandoz laboratuarlarında keşfedilmiştir.
Hallüsinojenler genelde oral yolla kullanılırlar, bu yolla
emilimleri oldukça hızlı ve iyidir, arka arkaya kullanımda hızla
tolerans ortaya çıktığından haftada bir kerenin üzerinde
kullanım pek sık değildir.
LSD’nin etkileri yaklaşık bir saat içinde başlar, 2-4 saat
sonra pik düzeyine ulaşır ve kullanan kişi 10-12 saat sonra
kullanım öncesi haline döner, bu sırada bir miktar disfori ve
yorgunluk hissi eşlik eder.
Kullanım sırasında hipertansiyon, piloereksiyon,
midriyazis, hipertermi, hiperrefleksi gibi otonomik etkiler
ortaya çıkabilir. Değişik hallusinojen maddeler arasında
çapraz tolerans gelişebilir.
Psikofarmakolojik açıdan, hallusinojenlerin etkileri
beyinde azalmış serotonin sentez ve salınımıyla (turn
over) açıklanmaktadır. 5HT2 reseptör antagonisti ilaçlarla
hallüsinojenlerin etkileri inhibe edilebilmektedir.
Hallüsinojenlerin insanlarda ölümcül dozu bilinmemekle
birlikte güvenli doz aralığının oldukça geniş olduğu
söylenebilir, hallüsinojen kullanımına bağlı ölümler sıklıkla ,
madde etkisi altındaki algı bozukluklarına bağlı ortaya çıkan
kazalarla olmaktadır.
Kronik hallüsinojen kullanımına bağlı oluşan mistikbüyüsel
düşünme biçimi, özellikle ergenlerde kalıcı kişilik
değişiklikleri ve buna bağlı sosyal içe çekilmeye neden
olabilmektedir. Bu tür vakalarda uzun süreli psikoterapi
endikasyonu vardır.
Anahtar kelimeler:
Acute and Chronic States Due to Hallucinogenic Substance Consumption and Treatment Strategies
Hallucinogens which are also named as psychomimetics
and psychodelics are substances whose consumption cause
hallucinations, delusions and illusions. They can be synthtetic
or may be found naturally. LSD (lysergic acid dietylamide) is
a prototype of classical synthetic halucinogens which was
firstly synthesized in 1938 by Albert Hoffman .
They are generally consumed orally because of high
rate of absorption by this way. Tolerance to hallucinogens
also begins very rapidly, thus, they are very rarley used over
once or twice a week.
Mentioning most typical of hallucinogens, LSD,
behavioral effects begin within a hour and reaches its peak
effect in 2-4 hours . After 10-12 hours , patient gets back to
hallucinogen free status with some dysphoria and fatigue.
Autonomic signs like piloerection, mydriazis,
hyperreflexia , hypertension, hyperthermia may also be
seen with halucinogens. Cross tolerence among different
halucinogenic drugs also occur.
Psychopharmacologically, the hallucinogenic effect
of these drugs are related to decreased serotonine turn
over in brain. 5HT2 a receptor antagonists can inhibit
the hallucinogenic effect . The lethal dose for humans
is not known but generally considere as high. Deaths
from hallucinogen abuse generally happen by accidents
according to misperceptions during hallucinations. Magical
thinking after chronic hallucinogen consumption may cause
personality disorders especially among adolescents resulting
with social withdrawal symptoms. Long term psychotherapy
is indicated in such patients.

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