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Yıl:2006; Cilt: 13; Sayı: 2>> Özet
TAM METİN
Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi; 2006;13(2):76-86
Çocuklarda Öğrenilmiş Çaresizlik Üzerine Bir Gözden Geçirme
BG Kılıç, N Oral
Ankara Üniv. Tıp Fak., Çocuk Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı, Ankara
Amaç: Öğrenilmiş çaresizlik kuramına göre davranış ile sonucu arasında bağlantı olmadığının öğrenilmesine bağlı olarak amaca yönelik davranış sürdürülememekte ve bir grup bilişsel, güdüsel, duygusal eksiklik ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Bu yazıda, öğrenilmiş çaresizlik kuramının, onunla ilişkili güdüsel yönelimlerin ve nedensel yüklemelerin gelişimsel özellikler çerçevesinde gözden geçirilmesi amaçlanmışnr. Aynca öğrenilmiş çaresizlik gelişiminde rolü olabilecek çevresel etmenler yazın bilgileri ışığında ele alınmıştır. Son iki bölümde de çaresizlikle bağlantıları olduğu ileri sürülen psikiyatrik bozukluklar ve fiziksel hastalıklar gözden geçirilmiştir. Yöntem: Konu ile ilgili araştırma ve gözden geçirme yazıları incelenmiş ve gelişimsel özellikler özetlenmiştir. Sonuçlar: Çocukların ne kadar erken yaşta öğrenilmiş çaresizliği geliştirebilecekleri ya da bu sürecin nasıl geliştiği konusunda belirsizlikler bulunmaktadır. Çaresizlik davranış örüntüsünün geç çocukluk dönemine kadar ortaya çıkmayacağı biçimindeki bakış açısı uzun yıllar egemen olmuştur. Daha sonra yapılan çalışmalarla küçük çocuklarda da başarısızlık durumlarında çaresizlik davranışları ortaya çıkabildiği gösterilmiştir.Bu çaresizlik yaşantısı, duygusal, davranışsal, bilişsel yansımalarıyla başta depresyon olmak üzere psikiyatrik bozuklukların gelişimine yatkınlık yaratmakta ve süreğen fiziksel hastalıklarla çocuk ve ailenin baş etme becerilerini olumsuz yönde etkileyebilmektedir. Tartışma: Böylesine olumsuz sonuçlar doğurabilen çaresizlik davranış örüntülerinin erken dönemde belirlenip yapılacak girişimlerin buna göre yönlendirilmesi sağaltımın başarısı açısından önemli görünmektedir.
A Review On Learned Helplessness In Children
Objective: According to learned helplessness theory; a set of cognitive, motivational, and emotional deficits and nonpersistence of goal directed behavior occur because of learning that there is noncontingency between behavior and outcomes. In this paper, it is aimed to review learned helplessness theory and associated motivational orientations and causal attributions within the developmental framework. In addition, environmental factors which may play a role in the development of learned helplessness are discussed in the light of the literature. In the last two sections, psychiatric and other medical disorders that are associated with learned helplessness are reviewed. Method: Researches and reviews were screened and developmental characteristics were summarized. Results: There are ambiguities about how early children may develop learned helplessness or how this process occurs. The view that behavioral pattern of learned helplessness does not occur until late childhood was dominated during the past several decades. In later studies, it was shown that helplessness behaviors may occur in younger children following repeated failure experiences. This helplessness experience, with its emotional, behavioral and cognitive reflections causes vulnerability to psychiatric disorders, especially to depression, and may have a negative impact on coping skills of children and families with chronic diseases. Discussion: Detecting helplessness behavior patterns which may have negative consequences at early ages and planning intervention strategies based on these patterns seem important in terms of successful treatment outcome.

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