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Yıl:2006; Cilt: 17; Sayı: 2>> Özet
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Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2006;17(2):147-151
Psikotrop İlaçların Yaşamı Tehdit Eden Yan Etkileri: Olgu Sunumu
A Tiryaki, G Kandemir, İ Ak
Karadeniz Teknik Ü Tıp Fak., Psikiyatri AD. Trabzon
Nöroleptik malign sendrom (NMS) antipsikotik ilaçlara bağlı seyrek gelişen, öngörülemeyen ve ölümle sonuçlanabilen bir yan etkidir. NMS yüksek vücut ısısı, kaslarda sertlik, belirgin otonomik düzensizlik ve bilinç değişiklikleri ile belirli bir klinik tablodur. Serotonin sendromu (SS) sıralanan bu dört alanda NMS ile büyük ölçüde benzer belirtiler gösterir. Klinik görünüm bakımından NMS ve SS, benzer bir bozukluğun farklı görünümleri olduklarını düşündüren ortak özellikler taşırlar. Bu iki tablonun ayırımını yapmak büyük klinik benzerlikler nedeni ile güçtür. Bu yazıda şizofreni tanısı ile izlenen 42 yaşında erkek hasta ilaç yan etkileri bakımından tartışılmaktadır. Klinik tablo, klasik iki depo antipsikotik ilacın bir doz serotonin gerialım inhibitörü (SSRI) ilaçla birlikte uygulanması sonrası ortaya çıkmıştır. Hastada bilincin kapalı ve kreatinin fosfokinaz seviyelerinin yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yirmidört saat içinde aniden gelişen belirti ve bulgular ne NMS ne de SS ile ilişkilendirilebilmiştir. Destekleyici tedavi ve bromokriptin uygulaması ile 12 gün yoğun bakımda izlenen hasta belirtilerde tam düzelme ile taburcu edilmiştir. Her iki sendromun tedavisinde benzer şekilde, suçlanan ilacın kullanımının kesilmesi ve destekleyici yaklaşımlar yeterli olabilmektedir. Bu olgu örneğinde psikotrop ilaçların yaşamı tehdit eden yan etkileri ortak ve ayırıcı özellikleri bakımından ele alınmaktadır.
The Life Threatening Adverse Effects of Psychotropic Drugs: A Case Report
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a rare idiosyncratic reaction to antipsychotic drugs that is potentially fatal. Characteristic features of NMS are hyperthermia, muscular rigidity, severe autonomic dysregulation and disturbed consciousness. Signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome (SS) can be grouped into four inclusive categories that are almost identical to those of NMS. Clinically, NMS and SS share many features, suggesting different spectrums of a similar disorder. To make a distinction between the two is often difficult because of a large clinical overlap. We present a case of a 42- [year]-old male with a history of schizophrenia that developed signs and symptoms inconsistent with either NMS or SS after intramuscular administration of 2 typical antipsychotics along with 1 dose of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). The patient abruptly developed the clinical features in just 24 h. The patient presented with altered mental status and increased levels of creatinine phosphokinase. Twelve days of intensive care unit treatment was chiefly supportive and included bromocriptine. The final outcome was positive with complete disappearance of the symptoms. The treatment for both NMS and SS is similar. The therapeutic interventions primarily consist of removing the suspected agent and providing supportive care. We present this case to highlight some controversial issues concerning the life threatening adverse effects of psychotropic drugs, which illustrate the spectrum concept.

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