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Yıl:2021; Cilt: 13; Sayı: Ek 1>> Özet
TAM METİN
Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar; 2021;13(Ek 1):84-109
Korumacı ve Düşmanca Cinsiyetçiliğin Kadınların Sözel ve Sayısal Performansı Üzerindeki Etkileri
D Eniç, LP Tosun
Adana Alparslan Türkeş Bilim ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi, Adana
Çalışmada amaç, kadınların bilişsel performansları (BP) üzerinde korumacı ve düşmanca cinsiyetçiliğin (KC, DC) etkilerini ve bu etkide rol oynayan değişkenleri incelemektir. KC ve DC’ye maruz kalmanın BP’ye etkisine dair üç farklı görüşten ikisinde (kalıpyargıların aktivasyonu ve istenmeyen düşünceler görüşleri), KC’ye maruz kalmanın BP’de düşüşe yol açacağı öngörülür ancak bunun nedeni olarak öne sürdükleri açıklamalar açısından bu görüşler birbirinden ayrılır. Öfke temelli tepki görüşünde ise DC’ye maruz kalmanın BP’yi yükselteceği öngörülür. İki deneyi içeren mevcut çalışmanın temel amacı, Türkiye bağlamında bu üç görüşten hangisinin geçerli olduğunu sınamaktır. Birinci deneye 80, ikinci deneye 159 kadın katılımcı dâhil oldu. Bu deneylerde katılımcılar KC, DC ve Kontrol koşullarından birine atandı ve BP, sözel ve sayısal testleriyle ölçüldü. İlk çalışmada, deney gruplarının sayısal performansının birbirinden farklılaşmadığı görülürken, DC koşulundakilerin sözel puanının KC koşulundakilerden yüksek olduğu bulundu. Cinsiyetçiliğe maruz kalmanın sözel puanla ilişkisinde cinsiyetle özdeşleşme ve benlik saygısı değişkenlerinin düzenleyici rolü sınandı ancak anlamlı olmadığı anlaşıldı. DC’nin bilişsel performansı artıracağına dair öngörü sadece öfke-temelli tepki görüşünde var olduğundan, bu görüş 2. deneyde daha detaylı incelendi. İkinci çalışma bulgularında, deney gruplarının sayısal performansının birbirinden farklılaşmadığı, fakat DC koşulunda yer alan katılımcıların sözel performansının diğer iki koşula kıyasla daha yüksek olduğu ve öfke duygusunun bu ilişkiye aracılık ettiği görüldü. Özetle, mevcut çalışmadan elde edilen bulgular üç görüş arasından öfke temelli tepki görüşünü destekledi ve cinsiyetçiliğin bilişsel performansa etkisinin performans alanına bağlı olduğunu ortaya koydu..
Effects of Benevolent and Hostile Sexism on Women's Verbal and Quantitative Performance
The aim of this study is to examine the effects of benevolent and hostile sexism (BS, HS) on women's cognitive performance (CP) and the variables playing role in these effects. Two of the three views about the impacts of BS and HS on CP (activation of stereotypes, mental intrusions) predict that exposure to BS would lead to decrease in CP, but they rationalized it differently. Anger-based reaction view predicted that exposure to HS would increase in CP. The main purpose of this study including two experiments is totest which of these three views is valid in Turkey. 80 women participated in the Experiment#1, 159 women in the Experiment#2. Participants were assigned to one of the BS, HS and Control Conditions in these experiments and verbal and quantitative tests were used for measuring CP. In the Experiment#1, quantitative performance of groups didn’t differ from each other, while verbal scores of women confronting with HS were higher than those in the BS condition. The moderator role of gender identification and self-esteem in the relationship between sexism and verbal score was tested and found to be non-significant. As the anger-based reaction view was the only one predicting higher CP in HS condition, this view was examined in Experiment#2 in detail. In the Experiment#2, the quantitative performance of the groups didn't differ, but the verbal performance of women in the HS condition was higher than the performance of women in the other conditions, and anger was mediated in this relationship. Shortly, findings support the anger-based reaction view and reveal that the effects of sexism on CP depends performance domain.

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