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Yıl:2021; Cilt: 24; Sayı: 47>> Özet
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Türk Psikoloji Yazıları; 2021;24(47):79-96
Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Türkiye’deki Suriyelilere Yönelik Tutumları: Bir Ölçek Geliştirme Çalışması
H Güleç, M Arslan-Karaca, G Başkaya, S Karaca,  N Kahraman
Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi,Bursa
Bu çalışmanın amacı “Suriyelilere Yönelik Tutumlar Ölçeği”ni geliştirmektir. Çalışmanın amacına uygun olarak hazırlanan madde havuzunun psikometrik özellikleri iki çalışmada incelenmiştir. Ölçeğin geçerlik çalışması için açımlayıcı faktör analizi, madde-toplam korelasyonları ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi uygulanmıştır. Ayrıca, ölçekten yüksek ve düşük puan alan katılımcıların madde puan ortalamaları arasındaki farklar incelenmiştir. İlk çalışmada (N = 184) açımlayıcı faktör analizi ile ölçeğin üç faktörlü olarak toplam varyansın %55’ini açıkladığı gösterilmiştir. İkinci çalışmada (N = 317) yeni maddeler eklenmiş ve ölçeğin geçerliği iki aşamalı olarak verinin rastgele bölünen iki yarısı üzerinde araştırılmıştır. Rastgele seçilen ilk yarıda (N = 165) açımlayıcı faktör analizi ile ölçeğin ilk çalışmadaki üç faktörlü yapısı iki faktöre indirgenmiştir ve toplam varyansın %56’sını açıklamaktadır. Verinin ikinci yarısında (N = 152) doğrulayıcı faktör analizi çerçevesinde uygulanan açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonuçlarına göre ölçeğin iki faktörlü yapısı veri ile kabul edilebilir düzeyde uyumludur (CFI = .914; TLI = .901; RMSEA = .077; SRMR = .069). Değişim indisleri bir maddenin madde havuzundan çıkarılmasının ve bir maddenin farklı bir faktör altında yer almasının modelin uyumunu iyi düzeye arttırdığını göstermiştir (CFI = .958; TLI = .951; RMSEA = .055; SRMR = .055). İlk faktör “ayrımcılık”, ikinci faktör “grup ve birey düzeyinde gerçekçi tehditler” olarak tanımlanmıştır. Tüm test puanının iç tutarlılık güvenirlik katsayısı .92 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Bu çalışma “Suriyelilere Yönelik Tutumlar Ölçeği”nin güvenilir ve geçerli bir ölçek olduğunu göstermiştir. Çalışmanın bulguları üniversite öğrencilerinin Suriyelilere yönelik tutumlarının örtük ayrımcılık çerçevesinde ifade edilmiş olabileceğine işaret etmektedir.
Attitudes of University Students towards Syrians in Turkey: A Scale Development Study
The aim of the current study was to develop the “Attitudes towards Syrians Scale”. An item pool was prepared in accordance with the purpose of the study and its psychometric properties were investigated in two studies with university students. Exploratory factor analysis, item-total correlations and confirmatory factor analysis were performed to investigate the validity of the scale. Besides, item-mean differences between the high and low scoring participants were inspected. In the first study (N = 184), three factors were identified using exploratory factor analysis accounting for 55% of the total variance. In the second study (N = 317) new items were added and the validity of the questionnaire was investigated in a two-step process by splitting the sample into two random sub-samples. In the first random split-half (N = 165) using exploratory factor analysis, two factors were identified accounting for 56% of the total variance. In the second random split-half (N = 152), the fit of the two-factor structure was investigated using exploratory factor analysis conducted within the confirmatory factor analysis framework. The model fit was acceptable (CFI = .914; TLI = .901; RMSEA = .077; SRMR = .069). The modification indices revealed that deleting one item and reassigning an item under another factor would improve the fit of the model (CFI = .958; TLI = .951; RMSEA = .055; SRMR = .055). The two factors of the scale were defined as “discrimination” and “realistic group and individual threats”, respectively. The Cronbach’s Alpha internal consistency coefficient for the total scale score was .92. This study demonstrated the reliability and the validity of the “Attitudes towards Syrian Scale”. The results indicated that the attitudes of university students towards Syrians might be expressed in the framework of subtle discrimination.

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