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Yıl:2020; Cilt: 33; Sayı: 4>> Özet
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Düşünen Adam: Psikiyatri ve Nörolojik Bilimler Dergisi; 2020;33(4):376-387
Hatırlanan veya unutulan uyarıcılar: duygunun etkileri üzerine bir fonksiyonel manyetik rezonans görüntüleme çalışması
E Ozcelik, B Kilic
Cankaya University, Ankara
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın birinci amacı, duygusal olayların kendilerinden önce gösterilen uyarıcıların hatırlanmasını neden artırdığını araştırmaktır. Araştırmanın ikinci hedefi, hatırlanan ve unutulan uyarıcıların kodlanma sürecindeki beyin aktivasyon farklılıklarını ortaya çıkararak hatırlama ve unutma ile bağlantılı beyin alanlarını tespit etmektir. Üçüncü amaç ise, nötr olanlara göre karşılaştırıldığında duygusal resimler çalışılırken beyinde hangi alanlarda aktivasyon ortaya çıktığını incelemektir. Yöntem: Her bir denemede önce bir nesne resmi ve ardından Türk kültürüne ait duygu yüklü veya nötr resim 15 gönüllü katılımcıya gösterilmiştir. Sonra gösterilen resimlerin önceki uyarıcıların anımsanması üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Katılımcılar, uyarıcıları manyetik rezonans cihazı içerisinde bir süre çalışmışlar ve bu süre içinde beyin görüntüleri alınmıştır. Bir hafta sonra yapılan tanıma testiyle katılımcıların bellek performansları ölçülmüştür. Bulgular: Davranışsal bulgular, sonradan gösterilen uyarıcının duygusal ya da nötr olmasının önceki resimle ilgili bilgilerin anımsanması üzerinde bir fark yaratmadığını göstermiştir. Fonksiyonel manyetik rezonans görüntüleme bulguları, hatırlanan bilgilerin unutulanlarla karşılaştırıldığında, sol inferior frontal girus ve sol superior medial girus gibi beyin alanlarında daha fazla aktivasyon olduğunu işaret etmektedir. Duygusal resimler nötr olanlara göre middle temporal girus ve supramarginal girusta daha fazla aktivasyon yaratmıştır. Sonuç: Unutulanlara kıyasla hatırlanan bilgilerin çalışılması sırasında aktivasyonların gözlemlendiği beyin yapılarının (sol inferior frontal girus ve sol superior medial girus) anlamsal özümseme ve çağrışımsal anıların biçimlenmesindeki rolleri bilinmektedir. Bu nedenle, hatırlanmanın bilgilerin daha derin olarak işlenmesinden kaynaklandığı sonucuna varılabilir. Ayrıca, duygusal resimler nötr olanlara göre karşılaştırıldığında duygusal yüz ifadelerinin işlenmesiyle ilgili beyin yapılarında aktivasyonlar görülmüştür.
Remembered or forgotten stimuli: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study on the effects of emotion
Objective: The first aim of this study is to examine why emotional events enhance memory for preceding stimuli. The second goal is to identify brain regions associated with remembering and forgetting by finding brain activation differences during encoding of remembered and forgotten stimuli. The third goal is to examine which brain areas are activated when studying emotional pictures compared to neutral ones. Method: In each trial, a picture of an object followed by an emotional or neutral picture from the Turkish culture were presented to 15 volunteers. The effect of the succeeding pictures on the remembering of preceding stimuli was examined. The participants studied the stimuli in the magnetic resonance scanner and, meanwhile, brain images were taken. The memory performances of the participants were measured with the recognition test administered one week later. Results: Behavioral results suggest that emotion has no effect on memory for preceding stimuli. Functional magnetic resonance imaging results indicate that remembered stimuli compared to forgotten ones caused more activation in left inferior frontal gyrus and left superior medial gyrus. Emotional pictures create more activation in the - mid-temporal gyrus and supramarginal gyrus compared to neutral images. Conclusion: Brain structures in which activations are observed in remembered stimuli compared to forgotten ones (left inferior frontal gyrus and left superior medial gyrus) are responsible for the semantic elaboration and associative memory formation. Thus, it can be concluded that object pictures are remembered because they are processed more deeply. Besides, activations are observed in the areas known to be related to the processing of emotional face expressions when emotional and neutral pictures are compared.

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