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Yıl:2002; Cilt: 3; Sayı: 3>> Özet
TAM METİN
Bağımlılık Dergisi; 2002;3(3):165-172
Alkol kullanımının biyokimyasal belirleyicileri ve klinik uygulamaları
H Mırsal, ÖA Kalyoncu, Ö Pektaş
Maltepe Üni. Tıp Fak. Psikiyatri A.D. Balıklı Rum Hst. Vakfı Anatolia Klinikleri
Aşırı alkol kullanımını gösteren “biyokimyasal belirleyiciler” (markers) alkol bağımlılığının yaygınlığının taranması, tedavisi, önlenmesi ve alkol kullanımına bağlı diğer medikal hastalıkların saptanmasında önemli bir yere sahiptirler. Bu belirleyiciler, halk sağlığı alanında da bir ilerleme sağlayabilirler. Bazı ülkelerde bu belirleyiciler iş alanlarında ağır içiçilerin saptanmasında kullanılmaktadırlar. Bu amaçların yerine gelmesi için biyokimyasal belirleyicilerin bazı karakteristik özellikleri olmalıdır. Bu özellikler; güvenirlik, geçerlilik, sabitlik, maliyet, pratik uygulama, kabul edilirlik, taşınabilirliktir. Ne yazık ki bugüne kadar bu özelliklerin tümünü taşıyan tek bir belirleyici bulunamamıştır. Klasik belirleyiciler düşük- orta derece duyarlılık, sık yalancı pozitiflik ve kullanılan alkol miktarı ile zayıf özgüllük ilişkisi gösterirler. Sıklıkla kullanılan testler; gamma glutamil transferaz, alanin amine transferaz, aspartat aminotransferaz, ortalama eritrosit hacmi ve en yeni belirleyici olan “carbohydrate defi cient transferrin”dir. Son zamanlarda yeni birkaç test daha gelişme sürecindedir. Bunlar; Alkol Kullanımını Erken Saptama Testi, Hemoglobin-İlişkili Asetaldehit, yağ asitleri etil esterleri ve cilt yüzeyi alkol buharı ölçümleridir. Bu yazıda alkol kullanımının biyokimyasal belirleyicleri ile ilgili literatür gözden geçirilmiştir.
Biochemical Markers of Alcohol Use and Their Clinical Applications
Biochemical markers to detect excessive alcohol use are important for screening, treatment, and preventin of alcohol dependency and other alcohol-related medical diseases. These markers may also promote public health areas.In some countries, these markers are tested for identifying of heavy drinkers in occupational fields. To achieve these goals, biochemical markers must be characterized by several important features. These features include reliability, validity, stability, cost, practibility, acceptability, transportability. Unfortunately, to date, no single marker satisfies all these features. Traditional markers are low to moderate sensitivity, frequently false positives, poorly specified relationships with the amount of alcohol use. The most commonly used tests are gamma glutamyl transferase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, mean corpusculer volume and the newest marker, carbohydrate-deficient transferrin. Nowadays several new tests are under development. These include Early Detection of Alcohol Consumption Test, Hemoglobin Associated Acetaldehyde Assay and measures of fatty acid ethyl esters, and alcohol vapor at the skin surface. In his article, the literature of biochemical markers of alcohol use have been reviewed.

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