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Yıl:2006; Cilt: 8; Sayı: 1>> Özet
Türkiye'de Psikiyatri; 2006;8(1):11-17
Kırsal Kesimde Depresyonlu Hastalara Yönelik Tutumlar: Sosyal Mesafe ve Etkileyen Etmenler
EO Taşkın, FS Şen, E Özmen, Ö Aydemir
Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Psikiyatri AD, MANİSA
Amaç: Bu çalışmada, kırsal kesimdeki halkın depresyonlu hastalara ilişkin tutumları, sosyal mesafe ve bunları etkileyen etmenlerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntem: Araştırma, Manisa ilinin merkeze bağlı bir köyünde serçekleştirilmiştir. Alınma ölçütlerini karşılayan toplam 245 kişiden ulaşılabilen 230'u denek olarak alınmış, yüz yüze sörüşme yöntemiyle Psikiyatrik Araştırmalar ve Eğitim Merkezi (PAREM) tarafından geliştirilmiş olan anketin 10 maddelik sosyodemografik bilgi formu ve 32 maddelik depresyon alt bölümü uygulanmıştır.
Bulgular: Deneklerin %75'i depresyonlu bir kişi ile evlenmeyeceğini, %50'si depresyonlu bir komşusunun olmasından rahatsızlık duyacağını, %57'si depresyonlu birisine evini kiraya vermeyeceğini ve %50.5'i de depresyonluların saldırgan olacağını belirtmiştir. Evli olan denekler evli olmayanlara göre "depresyonu olan biriyle çalışabilirim" maddesine daha fazla oranda "katılıyorum" yanıtı vermiştir. Depresyonu olan kişileri "akıl hastası" olarak değerlendiren denekler de "depresyonlular saldırgan olur" maddesine daha çok "katılıyorum" yanıtı vermiştir.
Sonuç: Türkiye'de kırsal kesimde depresyonu tanıma ve depresyon konusundaki bilgi düzeyi kentsel kesime benzer şekilde ve yeterli orandadır. Ancak depresyonlu hastaları damgalama eğilimi kırsal kesimde kentsel alanda yaşayanlardan daha fazladır. Depresyonu olan- bireylere karşı kırsal kesimde yaşayan halkın tutumları genel olarak daha olumsuz ve daha reddedicidir. Kırsal kesimde depresyon sağaltımının daha başarılı olması için halkın bilgilendirilmesinden çok hastalara karşı hoşgörüyü artıracak ve "akıl hastalığı" ve "ruhsal hastalık" terimini yumuşatacak, damgalama içeriğini azaltacak bir yaklaşım daha başarılı olacaktır.
The public attitudes towards the patients with depression in a rural area: Social distance and related factors
Objective: Public attitudes toward depression may play a role in the patient's recognition of his/her illness and may have an influence on help seeking behaviors, the way of getting in contact with the psychiatrist, and treatment adherence. For this reason, it is important to determine the level of knowledge and attitudes of lay people about depression. This study was performed to determine the public's attitudes and their correlates towards patients with depression in a rural area in Turkey.
Methods: This study was carried out in Manisa at a village. Of the 245 subjects which met the inclusion criterias, 230 subjects were reached and 208 of them constituted the sample of this study. The subjects were applied the 10-items of sociodemographic information form and the 32-items of the subscale for depression of a public survey form which was developed by Psychiatric Researchs and Education Center.
Results: Three fourths of the participants reported that they wouldn't get married to a person with depression, and more than half of subjects stated that they would feel uncomfortable to have a neighbour with depression, and that they wouldn't rent their house to a patient with depression and stated that the patients with depression are aggressive. The married subjects answered the item "I can work with a person with depression" as "I agree" more than the unmarried subjects. Also, 70.2% of the participants denoted that depression is a mental illness and participants stating depressive patients are aggressive were mostly from this group. 86.5% of the subjects believed that social problems lead to depression.
Conclusions: Recognition of depression and the level of knowledge about this disorder in a rural area in Turkey though inadequate, are not different from the urban areas. The public's attitudes towards depressive patients in rural areas are generally more negative. The community wants to keep away from the patients with depression and is more influenced from stigmatization and labeling. An approach to increase the tolerance, to neutralize the concept of "mental illness", and to diminish the humiliating impact of labeling by informing the community about depression is needed in rural areas.

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