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Yıl:2018; Cilt: 8; Sayı: 2>> Özet
Psikiyatride Güncel; 2018;8(2):106-113
Psikotropların dolaşım, dağılım, atılım veilaç taşıyıcılarına ilişkin farmakokinetiketkileşimleri
Ö Kavakçı
Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi, Sivas
Bugünkü tıbbi uygulamalarda çoklu ilaç kullanımı yaygındır ve ilaç-ilaç etkileşimi riski taşır. Klinik olarak belirgin ilaç-ilaç etkileşimleri (İİE) bir ilacın güvenlik ve etkinliğinin, bir başka ilaç ile belirgin şekilde değiştirilmesi olarak tanımlanır. İİE’leri potansiyel olarak tehlikelidir ve bazen de ölümcül olabilen olumsuz olaylardır. İİE’leri tedavi etkinliğinin azalması ile sonuçlanabilir. Farmakokinetik ilaç-ilaç etkileşimleri, bir ilacın ya da metabolitlerinin emilim, dağılım, metabolizma ve eliminasyonu sırasında olabilir ve ilacın plazma konsantrasyonlarını değiştirir. İlaçlar plazma ve doku proteinlerine bağlanarak taşınırlar. Albümin gibi plazma proteinleri ilaçlar ile etkileşim gösterir. Yalnızca bağlı olmayan ilaçlar pasif difüzyon ile hücre dışı alana ya da dokulara geçer ve bu süreç ilacın aktivite göstereceği alanlardaki konsantrasyonunu ve etkinliğini belirler. Proteine bağlanma oranı yüksek olan ilaçlar arasında, aynı bölge için daha yüksek afinite gösteren ilaçlar diğer ilaç ile yer değiştirebilir. Bu tür yer değiştirme çeşitli semptomlar, yan etkiler ve toksisiteler ile ilişkili olabilir. İlaç taşıyıcılar birçok ilacın plazma ve doku konsantrasyonunu belirler. Taşıyıcılar ince bağırsaklar, karaciğer ve böbrek gibi organlarda bulunur ve ilaç emilimi ve eliminasyonu için önemlidir. Ayrıca, kan beyin bariyeri gibi önemli kan doku bariyerlerinde bulunabilir. Birlikte uygulanan ilaçlar, ilaç taşıyıcıları üzerinde inhibisyon ya da indüksiyon yaparak hedef ilacın farmakokinetiğini ve farmakodinamiğini değiştirebilir. İİE’leri ilaç taşıyıcıları üzerinde inhibisyona ya da indüksiyona yol açabilir. Bu etkileşim, hedef ilacın plazma ve hedef doku konsantrasyonlarını ve etkililiğini değiştirebilir.
Pharmacokinetic interactions on circulation, distribution, elimination and drug transporters of psychotropic drugs
Multiple-drug therapy is common in current medical practice and carries the risk of drug-drug interactions. Clinically significant drugdrug interactions (DDIs) are defined as event in which safety or effectiveness of one medication is substantially altered by another drug. These DDIs can result in potentially dangerous, and sometimes fatal, adverse events. DDIs can result reduced effectiveness of treatment. Pharmacokinetic DDIs occur at during of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of a drug and/or its metabolite(s) and changes in plasma drug concentration. Drugs are transported through a binding to plasma and tissues proteins. Plasma proteins such as albumin interact with drugs. Only unbound drug is available for passive diffusion to extravascular or tissue sites and typically determines drug concentration at the active site and thus its efficacy. Drugs that have a high degree of plasma protein binding are potentially more likely to be displaced by drug with greater affinity for the same binding site. This kind of displacement could be associated with symptoms, side effects or toxicities. Drug transporters determine plasma and tissue concentrations of a broad variety of drugs. They are localized in organs such as small intestine, liver, and kidney, which are critical for drug absorption and elimination. Moreover, they can be found in important blood-tissue barriers such as the blood-brain barrier. Inhibition or induction of drug transporters by co-administered drugs can alter pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the victim drugs. Some DDIs lead to inhibition or induction some drug transporters. This interaction can change victim drugs plasma or target tissue concentrations or effectiveness.

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