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Yıl:2020; Cilt: 7; Sayı: 1>> Özet
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Türk Uyku Tıbbı Dergisi; 2020;7(1):1-4
Duchenne Müsküler Distrofi ve Spinal Müsküler Atrofi Tanısı Alan Pediyatrik Hastalarda Uykunun Yapısının ve Uyku ile İlişkili Hastalıkların İncelenmesi
NB Arkalı, GB Şenel, H Kılıç, G İncesu, S Saltık, C Yalçınkaya, D Karadeniz
İstanbul Üniversitesi, İstanbul
Amaç: Duchenne müsküler distrofi (DMD), iskelet kaslarının tutulumu sonucu oluşan ve solunum problemlerinin izlendiği kalıtsal nöromüsküler bir hastalıktır. Spinal müsküler atrofi (SMA), ön boynuz hücrelerinin tutulumu ile şekillenen nöromüsküler hastalıklar grubudur. Gerek SMA gerekse DMD hastalarında en önemli solunum problemleri arasında uykuda farengeal kas zayıflığı ve uyku ile ilişkili solunum bozuklukları gelir. Çalışmamızda, DMD ve SMA tanısı alan pediyatrik yaş grubundaki hastalarımızda uyku yapısını ve uyku ile ilişkili hastalıkları inceledik. Gereç ve Yöntem: 2014-2018 yılları arasında genetik inceleme sonucunda DMD veya SMA tanısı konulan pediyatrik yaş grubundaki hastalara Uyku ve Bozuklukları Birimi’nde tüm gece polisomnografi tetkikleri yapıldı. Bulgular: On üç DMD, yedi SMA tanısı alan hasta ile 6 sağlıklı kontrol çocuk olmak üzere 3 grup arasında, yaş (p=0,074), cinsiyet (p=0,065) veya Vücut Kitle indeksi (p=0,473) uyumluydu. DMD hastalarında, gerek sağlıklı kontrollere gerekse SMA hastalarına kıyasla, hızlı göz hareketi [rapid eye movement (REM)] uyku evre latansı uzun ve REM uyku evre süresi kısa olmasına rağmen, istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildi. SMA hastalarında, toplam uyku süresi ve derin non-REM (NREM) uyku evre süresi hem sağlıklı kontrollerden hem de DMD hastalarından daha kısa olarak izlendi; ancak bu farklılık istatistiksel olarak anlamlı saptanmadı. DMD hastalarının 3’ünde (%23,1), SMA hastalarının 6’sında pediyatrik Obstrüktif Uyku Apne sendromu (OUAS) saptandı (%85,7); kontrol grubunda pediyatrik OUAS saptanmadı (p=0,010). DMD grubunda ortalama Apne-hipopne indeksi 2,15+4,60/saat; SMA hasta grubunda 7,43+6,19/saat ve kontrol grubunda 0,33+0,52/saat olarak hesaplandı (p=0,018). Sonuç: Çalışmamızda, müsküler ve nörojen tutuluma bağlı kas ve solunum problemlerine neden olan iki hastalık olan DMD ve SMA hasta gruplarında uyku yapısının bozulduğu ve pediyatrik OUAS’nin daha sık görüldüğü saptanmıştır.
Evaluation of Sleep Structure and Sleep-related Disorders in Pediatric Patients Diagnosed with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy and Spinal Muscular Atrophy
Objective: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a hereditary neuromuscular disorder in which respiratory problems arise secondary to the involvement of skeletal muscles. Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a disorder group characterized by the involvement of anterior horn cells. The most common respiratory problems in DMD and SMA patients are pharyngeal muscle weakness in sleep and sleep-related respiratory disorders. In this study, we evaluated sleep structure and sleep-related disorders in pediatric age group diagnosed with DMD and SMA. Materials and Methods: In pediatric patients who were diagnosed to have DMD or SMA upon genetic analysis between 2014 and 2018 were performed polysomnographic investigations in our Sleep and Disorder Units. Results: Age (p=0.074), gender (p=0.065) or Body Mass index (p=0.473) were compatible between the three groups, including 13 DMD patients, seven SMA patients, and six healthy control children. In DMD patients, although rapid eye movement (REM) sleep phase latency was longer and REM sleep phase duration was shorter compared to both healthy controls and SMA patients; it was not statistically significant. In SMA patients, total sleep time and deep non-REM (NREM) sleep duration were shorter than both healthy controls and DMD patients; though this difference was not statistically significant. Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea syndrome (OSAS) was detected in three DMD patients (23.1%) and six SMA patients (85.7%), no pediatric OSAS was detected in the control group (p=0.010). Mean Apnea-hypopnea index was 2.15+4.60/ hr in DMD patients, 7.43+6.19/hr in SMA patients and 0.33+0.52/hr in control group (p=0.018). Conclusion: In our study, it was found that sleep structure is disturbed and pediatric OSAS is more commonly encountered in DMD and SMA patient groups, which two disorders causing muscle and respiratory problems due to muscular and neurogenic involvement.

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