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Yıl:2005; Cilt: 6; Sayı: 3>> Özet
TAM METİN
Bağımlılık Dergisi; 2005;6(3):136-141
Madde Kullanımına Bağlı Gelişen Psikotik Bozuklukta Atipik Antipsikotik Tedavisi: Bir Gözden Geçirme
D Dankı, N Dilbaz, T Okay, Ç Açıkgöz, IB Erdinç, Ş Telci
Ankara Numune Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Ankara
Psikoaktif madde kötüye kullanımı ya da bağımlılığı
olanlardaki psikiyatrik bozukluk görülme sıklığı bağımlılığı
olmayanların psikiyatrik bozukluk sıklığından 2.7 kat daha
fazladır. Psikoaktif madde kullanım bozukluğuna en az
bir psikiyatrik bozukluk eşlik etme sıklığı %70-75 arasında
değişmektedir. Psikiyatrik bozukluk ve madde kullanım
bozukluğunun birlikteliği klinik olarak önemlidir çünkü
birlikteliğin hastalığın süresini ve tedavinin gidişatını olumsuz
yönde etkilediği bilinmektedir. Psikoaktif madde kullanımına
bağlı gelişen psikotik bozukluğun tanı konma ve tedavi edilme
sıklığı artmaktadır. Mezokortikolimbik dopaminerjik yolak ve
nükleus akkumbes gibi limbik yapıların madde bağımlılığının
gelişmesinde rol oynayan pozitif pekiştirici etkiyi ortaya
çıkaran ortak nöronal devre olduğuna inanılmaktadır. Atipik
antipsikotik ilaçların ortak nöronal devreye etki göstermelerinin
bulunması bu ilaçların madde bağımlılığında kullanılması
yolunda araştırmalara yol açmıştır. Psikoaktif madde kullanımı
sonucu gelişen psikotik bozukluğun tedavisinde atipik
antsikotiklerin bu özellikleri de göz önünde bulundurulmakla
birlikte D2 reseptörüne seçici etki göstermeleri, kognitif
fonksiyonlara olumlu etkileri, serotoninerjik ve noradrenerjik
reseptörler üzerindeki etkinlikleri -dolayısıyla duygu durum
üzerinde olumlu etkilerinin olması, madde arama davranışı
mekanizmasında rolü olabileceği düşünülen 5 HT3 reseptörüne
afinite göstermeleri madde kullanımına bağlı psikotik bozukluk
tedavisinde sıklıkla tercih edilmelerine neden olabilmektedir.
Bu gözden geçirme yazısında öncelikle madde
kullanımına bağlı psikiyatrik bozukluklar, madde kullanımına
bağlı gelişen psikotik bozukluğun patofizyolojisi ve
kliniğinden bahsedilmesi sonrasında da literatürler ışığında
madde kullanımına bağlı psikotik bozukluk tedavisinde atipik
antipsikotik kullanımının tartışılması amaçlanmıştır.
Atypical Antipsychotic Treatment In Substance Induced Psychotic Disorde
The risk of diagnosing a comorbid psychiatric disorder
among people who abuse or are dependent on any substance
is 2.7 times higher than the normal population. The prevalence
of a comorbid psychiatric diagnosis varies between 70-75% in
psychoactive substance use disorder. The detection of the
psychiatric disorder coexisting with substance use disorder
is clinically important due to the negative implications on
prognosis, treatment approaches and outcome. The rates of
diagnosing and treating psychoactive substance induced
psychotic disorder are increasing. It is believed that, limbic
structures like, mezocortical dopaminergic pathway and
nucleus accumbens are the common neuronal pathways that
may have a positive reinforcing effect in the development of
substance dependence syndrome. The finding that atypical
antipsychotics effect this common neuronal pathways resulted
in research on use of these drugs in the treatment of substance
dependency. In addition to considering these properties of
atypical antipsychotics, other reasons for commonly preferring
these drugs in substance induced psychotic disorder are, their
selective effect on D2 receptors, positive effects on cognitive
functions, their effects on serotonergic and noradrenergic
receptors—therefore, their positive effects on mood—their
affinity on 5 HT3 receptor which is implicated in substance
seeking behavior.
This paper aims to review the psychiatric disorders
related to substance addiction, the pathophysiology and the
clinical features of substance induced psychotic disorder and
to discuss the use of atypical antipsychotic medications as
a new approach in the treatment of substance dependency
through an extensive literature search.

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