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Yıl:1999; Cilt: 36; Sayı: 2>> Özet
Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 1999;36(2):90-96
Vasküler demanslar
E Kumral, S Tarlacı
Ege Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Nöroloji Anabilim Dalı İnme ve Nöropsikoloji Ünitesi, - izmir
Alzheimer demansmdan sonra demanslann ikinci ana nedeni inmelerdir. Vasküler demans (VD), serebrovasküler hastalığa bağlı meydana gelen beyin zedelenmesi sonucunda ortaya çıkan entellektüel kayıp olarak tanımlanabilir. VD ani başlangıçla, adım adım veya dalgalanmalar şeklinde gidebilir. İle­ri yaş, düşük eğitim düzeyi ve hipertansiyon en önemli risk faktörüdür. VD larda en sık olarak sub-kortikal lezyon vardır, bunu kortikal ve kombine lez-yonlar izler. Binswanger hastalığı, VD lann başka bir biçimi olup, klinik ve radyolojik korelasyonu ge­rektirir. Serebral amiloid anjiyopati, vasküler demanslı hastalarda önemli bir faktör veya neden olup, mikro kanamalarla, iskemik değişiklerle veya Alzheimer hastalığı ile birlikte olarak demansm geli­şimine katkıda bulunur. CADASIL hastalığı orta yaşlarda, subkortikal iskemik infarktlar ve demansla ortaya çıkan başka bir VD antitesidir. VD hasta­larda vasküler risk faktörlerine yönelik sağaltım önemli ve zorunlu olan koruyucu yaklaşımdır.
Vasküler Demans
Stroke is considered the second most common ca­use of dementia, after Alzheimer disease. Vascular dementia (VaD) can be defined as a clinical syndro­me of acquired impairment of intellectul function resulting from brain injury due to a cerebrovascular disease. Clinical feature of VaD is characterized by abrupt onset, stepwise cognitive decline, or fluctu­ation course. Advancing age, fewer [year]s of educati­on and hypertension are the major risk factors for VaD. In patients with VaD, subcortical lesions are the most common cause of dementia, and following by cortical lesions and combined lesions. Binswan-geris disease is an other VaD entity which requires clinical-imaging correlation. Cerebral amyloid angi­opathy is an important contributor or is directly causal in elderly patients with VaD, whether from repeated hemorrhages, ischemic damage, concomitant Alzheimer disease, or combined disorders. CADASIL syndrome is another hereditary vascular disease which appears in the middle age with subcor­tical ischemic infarcts and dementia. Treatment ofvascular risk factors is an important and obligatory preventive approach in patients with VaD.

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