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Yıl:2017; Cilt: 7; Sayı: 48>> Özet
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Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi; 2017;7(48):161-185
Rehberlik ve Araştırma Merkezlerinde Psikolojik Test Uygulama Süreçleri
B Börkan, G Öztemür, O Yılmaz, Ş Çetintaş, B Gülcan, M Özcan
Boğaziçi Üniversitesi, İstanbul
Eğitim ve psikoloji alanındaki ölçme ve test uygulamalarıyla ilgilenen uluslararası kuruluşlardan biri olan Uluslararası Test Komisyonu (ITC) ‘Test Kullanım Kılavuzu’ adında bir kılavuz hazırlamıştır. Bu kılavuzda, eğitim ve psikoloji alanındaki ölçme ve değerlendirmede dikkat edilmesi gereken ilkeler “etik test kullanımı konusunda sorumluluk almak” ve “test kullanımı konusunda iyi uygulamaları takip etmek” olmak üzere ele alınmıştır. Bu nitel araştırmada, Türkiye’deki Rehberlik ve Araştırma Merkezlerinde (RAM) çalışan psikolojik danışmanların test uygulamalarına yönelik deneyimlerinin keşfedilmesi ve elde edilen bulguların ITC’nin kılavuzu çerçevesinde ortaya konulması hedeflenmiştir. Bu çalışmada test uygulama süreçleri, test öncesi ortam ve bireyle yapılan hazırlıklar, test uygulaması, test sonuçlarının yorumlanması ve paylaşımı, farklı gruplarla çalışma ve profesyonel yardım, gelişim ve etik uygulamalar olmak üzere altı ana tema ele alınmıştır. RAM’da çalışan 20 psikolojik danışmanla derinlemesine görüşmeler yapılmış ve toplanan nicel veriler yönlendirilmiş içerik analizi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçlara göre, psikolojik danışmanlar çoğunlukla zeka (IQ) testleri uygulamaktadırlar ve uygulamalarındaki farklılıklar oldukça göze çarpmaktadır. Bazı katılımcıların ise ITC kılavuzunda belirtilen iyi uygulamaları, koşullar el verdiğince yerine getirdikleri tespit edilmiştir. Test kullanıcılarını iyi uygulamaların dışına iten etmenler, test uygulama ortamlarının fiziksel yetersizliği, test eğitimlerinin niteliksizliği ve etik prensiplerin benimsenmemesi olarak üç temel başlık altında ele alınabilir. İyi uygulamalara engel olan etmenlerin ortadan kaldırılması ve iyi uygulamaların benimsenip yaygınlaştırılması için çalışmaların yapılması gerekmektedir.
Pscyhological Testing and Assessment in Guidance and Research Centers
International organizations interested in educational and psychological measurement and testing attach great importance to the rights of the test takers. One of these organization, International Test Commission (ITC), has developed guidelines for supporting and encouraging common languages by taking advantage of the testing standards of different countries. Expectations from a competent test user were listed under two headings in the Guideline; ‘Take responsibility for ethical test use’ and ‘Follow good practice in the use of tests’. In this qualitative study, it was aimed to present the experiences of test users working in Guidance and Research Centers (GRC) in Turkey with the framework of ITC's guidelines. Testing processes were examined as preparations with settings and test taker for testing session, test administration, interpretation and sharing of the test results, working with different groups and professional help, development and ethical practices. In-depth interviews were conducted with 20 psychological counselors working in different GRCs. Data were analyzed using directed content analysis. According to the results, psychological counselors are mostly applying IQ tests and their practices are vary. It has been determined that some participants perform the best practices outlined in the ITC guidelines as they can. Causes that push test users out of good practice can be addressed under the headings of insufficient physical environments of test rooms/buildings, inadequent test users’ training and failing to adopt ethical principles. Measures have to be taken to spread the recognition and adoption of good practices while eliminating the causes that lead to unsound/flawed practices.

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