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Yıl:2017; Cilt: 54; Sayı: 4>> Özet
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Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 2017;54(4):312-317
Obsesif Kompulsif Bozukluk ve Panik Bozukluk Hastalarında Yürütücü İşlevlerin Sağlıklı Kontrollerle Karşılaştırılması
E Kurt, E Yıldırım, V Topçuoğlu
Medicana International Hastanesi, İstanbul
Amaç: Obsesif kompulsif bozuklukta (OKB) bilişsel işlevlerden dikkat, yürütücü işlevler, sözel bellek, görsel bellek ve görsel-mekansal becerilerin bozuk olduğunu gösteren araştırmalar yapılmıştır. OKB’de bilişsel fonksiyonlarla ilgili pek çok araştırma olmasına rağmen, sonuç- larda tutarlılık yoktur ve kesin bir sonuca varmamızı sağlayacak nitelikte bulgular henüz elde edilememiştir. Panik bozuklukta (PB) nöropsikolojik işlevlerle ilgili araştırmalar çok az sayıda olsa da, bir takım bilişsel işlevlerde bozulmalar olduğu gösterilmiştir. PB’de yürütücü işlevlerde bozulma olduğuna dair bir araştırma bulgusu henüz yayımlanmamış- tır. PB ve OKB anksiyete ve kaçınma davranışlarının olması ile benzer özellikler gösteren anksiyete bozukluklarıdır. Bunun yanında, OKB’de obsesyonlar ve kompulsiyonlar gibi bu hastalığa özgül belirtiler de mevcuttur. Bu araştırmada, üç grupta (OKB, PB ve sağlıklı kontrol grupları) yürütücü işlevlerin karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Araştırmamıza ruhsal bozuklukların tanısal ve istatistiksel el kitabı- IV-TR‘ye (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder -IV-TR) (DSM-IV-TR) göre tanı konmuş 17 OKB, 15 PB, 26 sağlıklı kontrol hastası alınmıştır. OKB ve PB hastaları değerlendirme sırasında ilaç kullanıyorlarsa, tıbbi hastalıkları varsa ve Eksen-1 eştanıları varsa çalışmadan dışlanmışlardır. Sağlıklı kontrol grubu hastalarla yaş, cinsiyet, eğitim açısından eşleştirilmiştir. Her katılımcı,DSM-IV-TR için geliştirilmiş yapılandırılmış klinik görüşme formu (Structered Clinical Interview-I) (SCID-I), Hamilton Depresyon Derecelendirme Ölçeği (HDDÖ) ile değerlendirilmiş ve OKB hastalarına ayrıca Yale-Brown Obsesyon Kompulsiyon Ölçeği (YBOKÖ) yapılmıştır. Her üç gruba İz Sürme Testi, Sözel Akıcılık Testleri (Kontrollü Oral Kelime Çağırışım Testi: K, A, S ve Kategorik İsimlendirme Testleri), Stroop Testi, Wiskonsin Kart Eşleme Testi (WKET) uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: Üç grup arasında yürütücü işlevlerde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık bulunmamıştır. Ayrıca OKB grubunda YBOKÖ şiddeti ile yürütücü işlevler arasında bağıntı saptanmamıştır. Sonuç: Bu sonuçlar PB açısından literatürle uyumludur. OKB grubunun sonuçları ise, hasta grubumuzun eştanılarının olmaması, depresif belirtilerinin düşük düzeyde olması ve hastaların değerlendirme sırasında ilaç kullanmamaları ile ilişkili olabilir. Çalışmamızın en önemli kısıtlılığı örneklem grubumuzun küçüklüğüdür.
Executive Functions of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and Panic Disorder Patients in Comparison to Healty Controls
Introduction: Patients with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) have impaired cognitive functions, including attention, verbal and visual memory, and visual-spatial abilities as well as executive function But some studies did not show any disturbance in executive function of patients with OCD. To date, only few studies have been conducted on neuropsychological functioning of patients with panic disorder (PD). There are limited studies to reach a definite conclusion on executive functions of patients with OCD and those with PD. In this study, we aimed to measure executive functions of patients with OCD and those with PD compared with those of healthy controls. Although there are many studies on cognitive functions of patients with OCD, there appears to be no consistency in results and no findings have been obtained to enable us to reach definite conclusions. Although there are very few studies on neuropsychological functions of patients with PD, impairments on a set of cognitive functions have been demonstrated. To date, no finding with respect to impairment in executive functions of patients with PD has been published. PD and OCD are disorders manifesting similar characteristics, with the presence of anxiety and avoidance behavior. Besides this, patients with OCD also have symptoms such as obsessions and compulsions that are characteristics of this disorder. We aim to compare executive functions in the three groups (patients with OCD, those with PD, and healthy controls) in this study. Method: Seventeen patients with OCD and 15 patients with PD who were diagnosed according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder -IV-TR (DSM-IV-TR) and 26 healthy control subjects were included in this study. Patients who used medication as well as those with medical illnesses and Axis-I comorbidities were excluded. The healthy control group subjects were matched with the patients in terms of age, gender, and education. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis-I Disorders-Clinical Version (SCID-I), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), and Yale-Brown obsessive compulsive scale tests (Y-BOCS) were administered to the patients. Trail Making Tests (TMT), verbal fluency tests (Controlled Oral Word Association Test and Categorical Naming), Stroop Test, and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) were administered to the study groups. Results: According to our results, there was no statistically significant difference between the three study groups with respect to executive functions. There was also no significant correlation between executive tests’ results and Y-BOCS'in the OCD group. Conclusion: The results of the PD group are in line with that reported in literature. The results of the OCD group can be explained by a lack of medication usage and any comorbidity including depression. A small sample size is the major limitation of our study.

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