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Yıl:2017; Cilt: 37; Sayı: 1>> Özet
TAM METİN
Psikoloji Çalışmaları; 2017;37(1):73-81
Okuma ve Okuyamamanın Nörolojik Hikayesi
SA Köksal
İstanbul Üniversitesi, İstanbul
Harvard Üniversitesi’nde doktora eğitimini tamamladıktan sonra Tuft Üniversitesi bünyesinde yönettiği Okuma ve Dil Araştırmaları Merkezi’nde dil ve okuma gelişimini aydınlatmaya yönelik çalışmalar yürüten Profesör Maryanne Wolf, okumanın tarihteki en kayda değer icatlardan biri olduğunu söyler. “Okuyan Beynin Bilimi ve Hikayesi: Proust ve Mürekkep Balığı” isimli kitabında Wolf, okumanın öyküsünü anlatırken bizi beyinin kıvrım ve yolakları arasında uzun bir yolculuğa davet etmekte ve okuma ediniminin nörolojik alt yapısına ilgi duyan ve sinir bilim terminolojisine aşina okuyucuların sorularına doyurucu cevaplar sunmaktadır.Yazar okumanın hikayesini anlatmak için beyindeki sinir hücreleri arasında kurulan ileti yollarında bir keşif gezisine çıkmaktadır. Sinir hücrelerinin çalışma ilkesine yönelik çok önemli bilgiler 1950’li yıllarda Hodgkin ve Huxley tarafından mürekkep balıklarının dev aksonları üzerinde yapılan incelemeler sayesinde keşfedilmiştir. Tam da bu nedenle yazar nöronların çalışma mekanizmasının anlaşılması adına önemli bir hizmette bulunan Mürekkep balığına bir vefa borcu olarak kitabın başlığında yer vermiştir. Kitabın başlığında yer alan diğer bir kahraman ise okuma eylemini, adeta bir çeşit entellektüel “mabet” olarak değerlendiren Fransız Romancı Proust’tur. Wolf okumanın hikayesine dolaylı yollardan da olsa ışık tutan Mürekkep balığını ve okumanın kıymetini derinlemesine fark etmiş Proust’u bu hikayenin sembolik kahramanları olarak ele almıştır.  Elinizdeki bu metin, Wolf’un “Okuyan Beynin Bilimi ve Hikayesi: Proust ve Mürekkep Balığı” kitabında ele aldığı okumanın bilimsel ve nörolojik hikayesinin tümünü kapsama kaygısı taşımayan ancak bu öyküdeki kritik mesajlara ışık tutmayı amaçlayan bir değerlendirme yazısıdır.

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