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Yıl:2017; Cilt: 28; Sayı: 3>> Özet
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Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2017;28(3):217-220
Alkol Yoksunluğu ile Tetiklenen Posterior Reversibl Ensefalopati Sendromu  
T Mengi, Y Seçil, A Çoban, Y Beckmann
Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi, İzmir
Giriş: Posterior reversibl ensefalopati sendromu (PRES) baş ağrısı, de- ğişmiş mental durum, epileptik nöbetler, görme bozuklukları ve tipik olarak beynin posterior dolaşım alanlarınındaki geçici değişikliklerle karakterize klinik ve radyolojik bir antitedir. Bu makalede PRES’in eşlik ettiği alkol yoksunluğu olan bir olgu sunuyoruz. Olgu Sunumu: Elli üç yaşında erkek hasta, görme varsanıları ve anlamsız konuşma ile acil servise başvurdu. Yakınlarından alınan öyküde yaklaşık 35 yıldır alkol kullandığı, en son 3 gün önce alkol aldığı öğrenildi. Nörolojik muayenede kooperasyon kısıtlıydı ve kişi, yer, zaman yönelimi bozukluğu belirgin idi. Konuşma anlamsızdı. Lokalize bulgu yoktu. Kraniyal manyetik rezonans görüntülemede (MRG) oksipital lob medial kortekste ve subkortikal beyaz cevherde kısmen pariyetale doğru uzanan bilateral hiperintens alanlar saptandı. Alkol yoksunluğu için tedavi başlandı. Bulgu ve belirtilerin yanı sıra MRG’deki lezyonlar tedavinin 7. gününde geriledi. Tartışma: Klinik tablo, karakteristik MRG özellikleri ve sendromun geri dönüşümlü doğası PRES tanısını akla getirmektedir. PRES’in kesin patofizyolojik mekanizması hala net değildir. Hipertansiyon, bozulmuş serebral otoregülasyon ile ilişkili klinik koşulların yanı sıra reaktif oksijen türlerini ve nitrik oksit düzeylerini arttıran alkol kullanımı, endotel hücrelerinde bozulmaya ve kan beyin bariyerinin hasarına neden olabilir. Genel olarak olgumuzda, kronik alkolizmin ve alkol yoksunluğunun PRES’e yol açan endotel disfonksiyonuna neden olabileceğini düşünü- yoruz.
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome Triggerred By Alcohol Withdrawal
Introduction: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinico-radiological entity characterized by headache, altered mental status, epileptic seizures, visual disturbances and typically transient changes in posterior cerebral circulation areas. In this article, we present a case of alcohol withdrawal accompanied by PRES. Case Presentation: A 53-year-old male patient presented to the emergency department with visual hallucinations and meaningless speech. History from his relatives revealed that he has been consuming alcohol for about 35 years and the last consumption was 3 days before the admission. On neurological examination, there was limited cooperation and disorientation was evident to person, place and time. The speech was incoherent. No localizing sign was observed. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed bilateral hyperintense areas in medial occipital cortices and in subcortical white matter extending partly into parietal region. Treatment for alcohol withdrawal was started. Signs and symptoms regressed on the 7th day of the treatment as well as the lesions on MRI. Discussion: The clinical presentation, characteristic MRI features together with the reversible nature of the syndrome suggest the diagnosis of PRES. The precise pathophysiological mechanism of PRES still remains unclear. Hypertension, clinical conditions that are associated with impaired cerebral auto-regulation as well as alcohol use which increases the levels of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide may lead to the disruption of endothelial cells and blood-brain barrier breakdown. Overall, in our case, we think chronic alcoholism and alcohol withdrawal might have caused endothelial dysfunction leading to PRES.

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