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Yıl:2017; Cilt: 18; Sayı: 3>> Özet
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Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2017;18(3):257-264
İzmit’te yaşayan ergenlerde kendine zarar verme davranışı ve aile özellikleri ile ilişkisi
İD Çimen, A Coşkun, S Nasıroğlu, N Etiler
Sakarya Üniversitesi, Sakarya
Amaç: Bu çalışmada Kocaeli ili İzmit merkez ilçesinde yaşayan ergenlerde kendine zarar verme davranışının aile işlevselliği ve aile özellikleri ile ilişkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Bu kesitsel çalışmada katılımcılara sırasıyla araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan Sosyodemografik Veri Formu ile Aile Değerlendirme Ölçeği verilmiştir. Sosyodemografik Veri Formu, anne-babaların sağlık durumu, evlilik durumu, eğitim düzeyi, sigara-alkol-madde kullanımı, anne-babanın mesleği gibi aile özellikleri ile ilgili sorular ve kendine zarar verme davranışının tanımlanıp sorgulandığı bir soru içermektedir. Aile Değerlendirme Ölçeği ise problem çözme, iletişim, roller, duygusal tepki verebilme, gereken ilgiyi gösterebilme becerisi, davranış kontrolü ve genel işlevler gibi alanlarda ailenin güçlü ve zayıf olduğu alanları değerlendirmeye olanak sağlamaktadır. KZVD’nin toplumda görülme oranı %15 ola-rak kabul edilmiş, örnek büyüklüğü için yapılan hesaplamalar sonrasında araştırmaya alınması gereken sayı en az 545 olarak bulunmuştur. Formlar, İzmit merkez ilçeden seçilen 7., 8., 9. ve 10. sınıfa giden 555 öğrenciye uygulanmıştır. Sonuçlar: Çalışmaya katılan ergenler arasında kendine zarar verme davranışı oranı %11.4 olarak bulunmuştur. Bu oran literatürde bulunan çalışmaların sonuçlarından daha düşüktür; 41’i kız, 22’si erkek toplam 63 ergende kendine zarar verme davranışı saptanmıştır. Kendine zarar verme davranışı başlama yaşı 12.4±1.87 olarak bulunmuştur. Ergenlerde kendine zarar verme davranışı ile babanın alkol kullanımı, ailenin son bir yıl içinde önemli bir olay yaşaması, ailede süreğen hastalık olması ve ailede kendine zarar verme davranışı olması arasında anlamlı fark saptanmıştır. Aile Değerlendirme Ölçeği alt ölçeklerinin puanlarının kendine zarar verme davranışı olan grupta anlamlı düzeyde yüksek olduğu saptanmış ve kendine zarar verme davranışı ile aile işlevselliğinin bozuk olması anlamlı düzeyde ilişkili bulunmuştur. Tartışma: Kendine zarar verme davranışı ile ilgili literatür taramasında çoğu çalışmanın lise öğrencilerini kapsadığı, ergenliğin erken ve orta dönemini kapsayan çok az toplum tarama çalışmasının olduğu gözlenmiştir. Ancak davranışın başlama yaşına bakıldığında erken dönemde alınacak önlemler ve aile işlevselliği ile ilgili bulunulacak girişimlerin, davranışın başlaması ve süreğenleşmesini önlemede önemli bir yerinin olduğu düşünülmektedir.
Nonsuicidal self-injury and its relationship with family characteristics among adolescents in İzmit, Turkey
Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between nonsuicidal self-injury and family functioning, and family characteristics. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the participants were given the sociodemographic data form and the Family Evaluation Scale. The sociodemographic data form was included questions about family characteristics like health status, marital status, educational level, smoking-alcohol-substance use of parents and parents’ occupation. Family Evaluation Scale enables assessment of successes and failures of family functions in some areas like problem solving, communication, roles, emotional reaction capability, capacity of showing interest, behavior control, general functions. Scales were applied to 555 students of 7th, 8th, 9th and 10th grades from Izmit (Turkey) central county were included in this study. Results: The prevalence of nonsuicidal self-injury among young participants of this study was found 11.4%. Nonsuicidal self-injury was determined in 41 girls and 22 boys of total 63 adolescences. These rates are lower than other studies reviewed in the literature. The age at onset of nonsuicidal self-injury was 12.4±1.87 years. A significant difference was found between groups with and without nonsuicidal self-injury in family characteristics like alcohol use of father, important event experienced by the family in the last year and chronic disease in family. Also, a significant association was found between nonsuicidal self-injury and high score levels of family evaluation scale’s all subscales. Conclusion: In studies reviewed in literature it was observed that most studies include high school students and very few community studies include the period of early and mid-adolescence. Considering the age of onset of behavior, findings show that determination of preventive measures or regenerative methods in terms of family functioning is important in preventing occurrence of nonsuicidal self-injury in adolescents or prevention of progression of this behavior.

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