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Yıl:2017; Cilt: 28; Sayı: 2>> Özet
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Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2017;28(2):124-131
Travma Sonrası Stres Bozukluğunda Bilişsel Bozukluklar
EE Koçak, C Kılıç
Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara
Travma sonrası stres bozukluğu (TSSB), travma sonrasında ortaya çıkan, tanı kriterlerinde anksiyetenin yanı sıra dikkat ve bellek bozukluklarının yer aldığı bir bozukluktur. Bu gözden geçirmenin amacı, TSSB’de dikkat, bellek ve yürütücü işlevlerle ilişkili bulguların derlenmesidir. Bu konudaki çalışmalarda travmanın türü, kontrol gruplarının seçimi ve kullanılan nöropsikolojik testler açısından farklılıklar olması gibi kısıtlılıkların olmasına rağmen çalışmaların büyük bölümünde TSSB hastalarının hem bellek işlevlerinin, hem de dikkati de içerecek biçimde yürütücü işlevlerinin bozulduğu saptanmıştır. Psikiyatrik ektanıların varlığı nöropsikolojik işlevleri etkileyebildiği için, ektanıların kontrol edilmediği araştırma bulgularını tartışmalı hale getirmektedir. Buna rağmen, ektanıların dışlandığı çalışmalarda da benzer sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır. TSSB belirtilerinde iyileşmeyle bilişsel işlevlerdeki düzelme arasındaki ilişkiyi inceleyen az sayıda çalışma TSSB’deki iyileşmeyle hem bellek hem de yürütücü işlevlerde düzelme olduğunu göstermiştir, ancak yürütücü işlevlerdeki düzelme görevin zorluk derecesiyle sınırlıdır. Bilişsel işlevlerdeki bozulma yeti yitiminin önemli nedenleri arasındadır. Bu nedenle, mevcut tedavilerin TSSB’de bilişsel işlevleri ne ölçüde düzelttiği gelecek çalışmalarda ele alınmalıdır.
Cognitive Dysfunctions in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a condition that occurs after a traumatic event, and its diagnostic criteria include attention and memory deficits as well as symptoms of anxiety. We aimed to review the literature related to attention, memory, and executive functions in PTSD. Although studies on the subject are limited (in that there is no uniformity in terms of trauma type, selection of the control groups or types of neuropsychological tests used), most reported similar deficits in PTSD subjects in terms of memory and executive functions including attention. Since the presence of psychiatric comorbidities may disrupt neuropsychological functions, results of studies that have not controlled comorbidity may be questionable. However, studies that excluded the comorbid conditions reported similar deficits in cognitive functions in PTSD patients. The relationship between recovery from PTSD symptoms and change in cognitive functions has been examined in only a few studies, and most have reported an improvement for both memory and executive functions in remitted patients. The improvement in executive functions, however, has been limited by the difficulty of task. Cognitive deficits have been among the major causes of disabilities in PTSD patients. Therefore, the amount of improvement in cognitive dysfunctions by current treatments of PTSD deserves more attention.

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