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Yıl:2017; Cilt: 7; Sayı: 1>> Özet
TAM METİN
Journal of Mood Disorders; 2017;7(1):41-46
Çocuk ve ergen psikiyatrisi polikliniğine başvuran hastalarda tanı dağılımı ve demografik özellikler
V Görmez, AC Örengül, S Baljinnyam, N Aliyeva
Bezmialem Vakıf Üniversitesi, İstanbul
Amaç: Bu çalışmada İstanbul merkezinde hizmet veren çocuk psikiyatrisi polikliniğine müracaat eden hastaların yaş ve cinsiyete göre tanı dağılımının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Bezmialem Vakıf Üniversitesi Hastanesi Çocuk ve Ergen Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı polikliniğine Temmuz 2015-Mayıs 2016 tarihleri arasında başvuran, 5-18 yaş arası 987 çocuk ve ergen olgunun tanıları ve eştanıları, Okul Çağı Çocukları İçin Duygulanım Bozuklukları ve Şizofreni Görüşme Çizelgesi -Şimdi ve Yaşam Boyu Şekli- Türkçe Uyarlaması (ÇDŞG-ŞY-T) kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bu yarı-yapılandırılmış görüşmenin dışında kalan tanılar DSM-5 tanı ölçütlerine göre yapılan klinik değerlendirme ile saptanmış olup bu tanıların yaş ve cinsiyet ile ilişkisi bu kesitsel çalışmada değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Çoğunluğu erkek (n=630; %63.8) olan ve yaş ortalaması 9.7±3.27 olarak saptanan olguların %84.8’ine (n=837) en az bir tane DSM-5 ile uyumlu tanı konmuş olup, %15.2’si tanı almamıştır. En sık görülen psikiyatrik tanılar Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu (DEHB) (n=319; %32.3), özgül fobi (n=252; %25.5), Karşıt Olma Karşı Gelme Bozukluğu (KOKGB) (n=128; %13) ve uyum bozukluğu (n=82; %8.3) olarak saptanmıştır. Erkeklerde en sık rastlanan tanılar sırasıyla DEHB (n=257; %40.8), özgül fobi (n=143; %22.7) ve KOKGB (n=106; %16.8) iken, kızlarda en sık rastlanan tanılar sırası ile özgül fobi (n=109; %30.5), DEHB (n=62; %17.4) ve uyum bozukluğu (n=43; %12) olmuştur. 5-12 yaş aralığında en sık rastlanan tanılar sırasıyla DEHB (n=273; %35.7), özgül fobi (n=194; %25.4) ve KOKGB (n=104; %13.6) iken, 13-18 yaş aralığında özgül fobi (n=58; %26), DEHB (n=46; %20.6) ve depresyon (n=37; %16.6) en sık konulan tanılar olmuştur. Sonuç: Sık saptanan klinik tanıların ortaya çıkarılması, eş tanı oranlarının belirlenmesi ve bunların yaş ve cinsiyete göre dağılımının bilinmesi çocuk ve ergen psikiyatrisi poliklinik hizmetlerinin planlanması ve iyileştirilmesine katkı sağlayacaktır.
Diagnostic and demographic characteristics of patients referred to a child and adolescent psychiatry clinic
Objective: The aim of the present study is to examine the diagnostic categories of the patients referred to a child and adolescent psychiatry outpatient clinic and the relationship of such categories with age and gender. Method: A total of 987 subjects aged between 5-18 years, who were referred to the Bezmialem University Hospital, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry outpatient clinic between July 2015 and May 2016 were enrolled and evaluated for their primary diagnoses and comorbidities using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime version (K-SADS-PL). For the diagnostic categories not included in the K-SADS-PL interview, a DSM-5 based clinical interviews were conducted. The relationship between diagnostic categories and variables such as age and gender were also studied in the current descriptive study. Results: Consisting of a male dominant sample (n=630; 63.8%) with a mean age of 9.7±3.27 years, vast majority of the subjects (n=837; 84.8%) fulfilled the criteria for at least one DSM-5 diagnoses, while 15.2% had no diagnosis. Most common psychiatric diagnoses were attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (n=319; 32.3%), specific phobia (n=252; 25.5%), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) (n=128; 13%) and adjustment disorder (n=82; 8.3%). Male subjects were most frequently diagnosed with ADHD (n=257; 40.8%), specific phobia (n=143; 22.7%) and ODD (n=106; 16.8%), while specific phobia (n=109; 30.5%), ADHD (n=62; 17.4%) and adjustment disorders (n=43; 12%) were the most prevalent diagnoses among female subjects. Children aged 5 to 12 years had ADHD (n=273; 35.7%), specific phobia (n=194; 25.4%) and ODD (n=104; 13.6%) as the most common diagnoses, while for adolescents (age 13-18 years) specific phobia (n=58; 26%), ADHD (n=46; 20.6%) and depression (n=37; 16.6%) were respectively the most common diagnoses. Conclusion: Identifying the most frequent diagnostic categories and comorbidities as well as their relationship with age and gender can provide helpful guidance in planning and organization of the child and psychiatry outpatient clinics and improve the quality of the mental health services provided.

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