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Yıl:1998; Cilt: 9; Sayı: 4>> Özet
Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 1998;9(4):301-307
Madde Kullanımı Sorununda Türkiye'nin Yerine Bir Bakış
K Ögel, D Tamar, D Çakmak
Madde kullanımı ve bağımlılığı sorunu son yıllarda Türkiye’nin gündemine yerleşmiştir. Ruh sağlığı ve diğer bilim dallarını ilgilendiren bu konuda yeterli bilgi ve veriye sahip olduğumuz söylenemez. Bu derlemede, bugüne kadar Türkiye’de alkol dışı psikoaktif maddeler hakkında yapılan araştırma ve yazılar gözden geçirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Yapılan derleme sonucu elde edilen veriler, Türkiye’de madde kullanım oranının Avrupa ülkeleri ve Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ile karşılaştırıldığında daha düşük oranda gözlendiğini göstermektedir. Öte yandan, gerek epidemiyolojik gerekse diğer kayıtlar incelendiğinde, madde kullanım yaygınlığının bir artış eğilimi gösterdiği dikkati çekmektedir. Yasal olmayan maddeler içinde en sık kullanılan maddenin esrar olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Esrardan sonra sıklıkla kullanılan maddeler uçucu maddeler, hap ve eroindir. Madde kullanımına yol açan etkenler hakkında yapılmış araştırma sayısı oldukça yetersiz olduğu için, belirli bir kanıya varmak oldukça güç gözükmektedir. Ülkemizde damar yolu ile madde kullanım oranı da diğer bazı ülkeler ile karşılaştırıldığında düşük olarak bulunmuştur. Aileler, aile içindeki üyenin madde kullanmaya başlamasını geç fark etmektedir. Türkiye’de bugüne kadar yapılan çalışmalar gözden geçirildiğinde, madde kullananlar arasında yasa dışı davranışların sıklığı genel literatür ile uyumlu olarak değerlendirilebilir. Avrupa’da yaşayan Türkler arasında madde kullanımının yaygın olduğu ve bu kişilerin Türkiye’ye dönmesi ya da tatil amacıyla gelmesiyle Türkiye için bir sorun oluştuğu söylenebilir. Bugüne kadar yapılan araştırmaların sayısının yetersiz olduğu, yöntem eksiklikleri ve farklılıkları nedeniyle genel değerlendirmenin güç olduğu gözlenmiş ve madde bağımlılığı alanında yeni araştırmaların yapılmasının gerekliliği vurgulanmıştır.

An Overview of Turkey’s Situation in Substance Abuse Problem
Drug abuse and addiction has become a major issue for the mental health agenda of Turkey. The available data and information regarding the epidemiological aspects of the problem, however, are far from being sufficient. The aim of this paper is to review the studies conducted in Turkey in the field of substance abuse and dependence. In spite of showing an increasing trend in the community, the prevalence of substance use disorders as well as the prevalence of intravenous drug use are lower in Turkey compared with European countries and United States. Cannabis is the most frequently used drug. Solvents, pills and heroin follow cannabis in terms of frequency of use. There is a considerable latency period between the individual’s initiation of the problem. It is not possible to comment on the specific risk factors predicting drug abuse in Turkey because of the lack of reliable research findings. High rate of criminal activity among substance users in concordant with the reports from other countries. The data from drug abuse treatment services indicates a high prevalence of substance abuse among Turkish people living in European countries. The review of the literature displays an insufficiency in the number and quality of research related with drug abuse in Turkey. The existing studies have some methodological limitations and are not comparable with each other. In order to achieve a more reliable data base, the need for new research and surveys, is being emphasized.


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