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Yıl:1998; Cilt: 9; Sayı: 4>> Özet
Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 1998;9(4):269-276
Panik Bozukluğunda Karbondioksit Uyarımı: Yöntem ve Değerlendirme Üzerine
B Biber. T Alkın, AH Çımrın
Amaç: Karbondioksit (CO2) laboratuvar ortamlarında panik hastalarında panik atak oluşturduğu bilinen bir biyolojik kışkırtma ajanıdır. Ancak CO2 ile uyartılan panik atakların fenomenolojisi ve fizyolojik bağıntıları konusunda hala bazı tereddütler vardır. Bu çalışmada bazı klinik ve solunumsal değişkenlerle CO2 in uyarttığı panik ataklar arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmayı planladık.

Yöntem: Başka bir sağlık problemi olmayan 51 DSM-III-R panik bozukluk hastası CO2 kışkırtma işleminden geçirilmiştir. Sistolik ve diyastolik basınçlar, nabız sayısı ve solunum sayılarının bazal ve her iki kışkırtma ertesi değerleri, bazal solunum fonksiyon testleri, ve Durumsal-Sürekli Kaygı Envanteri (DSKE) ve Panik-Agorafobi Ölçeği (PAÖ) ile elde edilen bazı psikolojik ölçümler kaydedilmiştir. Kışkırtma ajanı olarak %35 CO2 %65 O2 karışımı kullanılmıştır. Dört DSM-III-R panik belirtisi sergileyen hastaların CO2 ile uyartılmış bir panik atağı yaşadıkları kabul edilmiştir.

Bulgular: 51 panik bozukluk hastasının 33’ü (%64.7) panik atak geçirmiştir. Bazal solunum testleri açısından iki grup arasında fark saptanmamıştır. Ancak PAÖ puanları panik geçiren grupta (25.42±8.34), panik geçirmeyenlere göre (20.38±6.78) anlamlı olarak (t= -2.19, p=0.03) daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Ayrıca DSKE skorları da panik geçiren grupta (47.36±0.13), panik geçirmeyen gruba göre (39.44±7.46) anlamlı olarak daha yüksek bulunmuştur (t= -2.91, p= 0.001).

Sonuç: PAÖ puanlarıyla saptanan, daha ağır belirtileri olan bir panik bozukluk hasta alt grubunun CO2’e daha duyarlı oldukları söylenebilir. Bu çalışma CO2 duyarlılığının panik bozukluğun bir biyolojik göstergesi olduğu ve bazı solunumsal anormalliklerin panik bozukluk fizyopatolojisinde rolü olduğu düşüncelerine destek sağlamıştır.
CO2 Challenge ve Panic Disorder: Methodology and Assessment
Objective: Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a well-known biological challenge agent of panic disorder that produces panic attacks in laboratory settings. However, there are still controversies about the phenomenology and physiological correlates of CO2 induced panic attacks. In this study we attemped to investigate the relation of some clinical and respiratory variables with CO2 induced panic attacks.

Method: Fifty-one otherwise healthy DSM-III-R panic disorder patients underwent a carbon dioxide challenge procedure. Baseline and 2 different post-challenge values of systolic and diastolic pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, baseline respiratory function tests, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Panic-Agoraphobia Scale scores were recorded. A mixture of %35 CO2 and %65 02 were used as a challenge agent. A panic response with at least four DSM-III-R panic symptoms were accepted as a CO2 induced panic attack.

Results: 33 of 51 panic disorder patients (%64.7) experienced a panic attack. Baseline respiratory function tests did not reveal any differences between the patients with or without a panic response. However, baseline scores of Panic-Agoraphobia Scale were significantly different (t= -2.19, p= 0.03) between the panicking (25.42±8.34) and the non-panicking (20.38±6.78) groups. State anxiety scores of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were also significantly higher (t= -2.91, p= 0.001) in the panicking group (47.36±0.13), than the non-panicking group (39.44±7.46). No other clinical variable discriminated the groups.

Conclusion: A subgroup of panic disorder patients with more severe clinical symptomatology as noted by higher Panic-Agoraphobia Scale scores may be more vulnerable to CO2. This study have provided further support to the suggestions that CO2 sensitivity is a biological marker of panic disorder and subtle ventilatory abnormalities may play a role in the pathophysiology of panic disorder.

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