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Yıl:1998; Cilt: 9; Sayı: 4>> Özet
Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 1998;9(4):247-256
Tourette Sendromu'nun Bir Bileşeni Olarak Duyusal Fenomen
AR Arman, Y Yazgan, S Zaimoğlu
Amaç: Tourrette Sendromu’nun (TS) bir bileşeni olan Duyusal Fenomen (DF), tiklerin öncesinde, birlikte veya tikleri takiben ifade edilen öncül duyusal uyaranlar olarak tanımlanır. Bu duyusal uyaranlar tiklerin tam yerinde (“Just right”) yapılması ihtiyacını doğurur ve tiklerin gerçekleşmesini takiben ortadan kalkarlar. TS’nin gelişimsel nöropsikiyatrik bir bozukluk olarak da tanımlandığı gözönüne alındığında, DF’nin tik belirtilerine çocukluk çağından itibaren eşlik edebileceği düşünülebilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, 7-14 yaş arası hastalardan oluşan TS poliklinik örnekleminde DF’nin varlığını araştırmak ve Türkiye örneklemine ilişkin özelliklerini belirlemekti.

Yöntem: Bu kesitsel tanımlayıcı çalışmada, poliklinik başvuru sırasına göre 7-14 yaşları arasında 40 TS hastasını değerlendirdik. Tiklerin varlığı ve ağırlık düzeyini tanımlamak amacıyla Yale Genel Tik Ağırlığını Derecelendirme ve Genel Klinik Ağırlık Ölçekleri’ni, DF’yi değerlendirmek ve özelliklerini belirlemek amacıyla da DF Değerlendirme Anketi’ni kullandık.

Bulgular: Hastaların %80’i DF’yi tanımladı. Bu hastaların %75’i tiklerin istem dışı olduğunu, üçte biri ise duyusal bileşenlerin rahatsızlık yarattığını ifade etti. Tiklerin (7.3±2.3) ve DF’nin (8.7±2.1) başlama yaşlarının birbirine oldukça yakın olduğu gözlendi. Tiklerin ortalama ağırlığı hafif-orta düzeydeydi. DF’nin tiklere eşlik etmesi ve başvuru yaşının ileri olması ile birlikte tiklerin ağırlık düzeyi artıyordu.

Sonuç: DF, olağandışı niteliği ve öznelliği nedeniyle paylaşılması zor olan ve iç gerginliği arttıran önemli bir tik bileşeni olarak çocuklarda da tanımlandı. Tiklerin nedenselliğindeki yeri ve sonrasında rahatlamadan çok “ara vermiş olma” hissi, DF’nin bu yaş grubu ve gelişimsel düzeyinde de gözardı edilemeyecek bir bulgu olduğunu gösterdi. Önerimiz, çocuk ve ergenlik döneminde TS’na eşlik eden duyusal fenomenin sorgulanmasıdır.


Sensory Phenomena as a Component of Tourette’s Syndrome
Objective: Sensory phenomena (SP), a component of Tourette’s Syndrome (TS), are described a premonitory feelings or urges that precede, accompany, and follow tics which are relieved with the performance of the act as well as the need to perform tics until they are felt to be “just right”. As TS is a developmental neuropsychiatric disorder, SP could also accompany tics from the earlier age of onset of TS. This study aims to determine and describe the characteristics of SP in a Turkish outpatient population of children between ages 7-14.

Method: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, we evaluated 40 TS children of 7-14 ages in the order of admission to the outpatient clinic. The evaluation instruments Yale Global Tic Severity Scale and Clinical Global Impairment for TS are used to determine the presence and severity of tics in clinical settings. SP Checklist is administered to evaluate the characteristics of sensory component and its associates.

Results: 80% of patients described SP, of them 75% claimed that tics were involuntary in nature, and one third complained about SP as distressful. The age of onset of tics (7.3±2.3) and SP (8.7±2.1) were close to each other. TS patients had mild to moderate tic severity. Tic severity increased in the presence of SP and later ages of admission to the outpatient clinic.

Conclusion: The unfamiliar and subjective quality of the SP make them hard to report as a component of TS in children. Defining the stress related to SP and “having a break” rather than relief in between tic attacks in our findings show us that SP do effect the children of given age and developmental level in an unavoidable fashion. Therefore we recommend to ask and explore about the stressful sensory feelings that would accompany TS.


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