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Yıl:2002; Cilt: 13; Sayı: 1>> Özet
TAM METİN
Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2002;13(1):33-39
Major depresyon ve özkıyımda kognitif ve emosyonel faktörler
Ç Aydemir, HV Temiz, E Göka
Ankara Numune Eğt. Araş. Hastanesi
Amaç: Kişinin istemli olarak yaşamına son vermesi olarak tanımlanan özkıyım psikiyatrideki ölüm nedenleri içinde birinci sırada yer alır. Uygun müdahale ile önlenebilecekken genç insan ölümlerinin bir kısmından sorumlu olması nedeniyle özkıyım trajik bir olay olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada özkıyım ve depresyonda benzer bilişsel süreçler bulunması, depresyonun en önemli komplikasyonun özkıyım olması gerçeğinden yola çıkarak ; özkıyım girişimi olmayan majör depresyon, özkıyım ve kontrol grupları, emosyonel ve bilişsel süreçleri açısından karşılaştırılmıştır.

Yöntem: Otuz ar kişilik vaka gruplarına demografik özelliklerini inceleyen anket formu, Beck depresyon ölçeği (BDÖ), UCLA yalnızlık ölçeği (UCLA YÖ), otomatik düşünceler ölçeği (ODÖ) ve intihar olasılığı ölçeği (İOÖ) uygulanmış ve elde edilen sonuçlar SPSS paket programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir.

Bulgular: İstatistiksel karşılaştırma sonucunda majör depresyon ve özkıyım için kadınların risk altında olduğu, özkıyım girişiminde bulunanların yaş ortalamasının majör depresyon grubuna göre düşük olduğu, diğer demografik özellikler açısından ise her üç grubun farklı olmadığı görülmüştür. Emosyonel ve bilişsel özellikler açısından incelendiğinde özkıyım grubunda depresyon semptom düzeyinin yüksek olduğu ve otomatik düşünce ölçeğine ait puanların majör depresyon grubuna göre daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Her üç grubun UCLA yalnızlık ölçeğinden elde edilen sonuçlara bakıldığında yalnızlık duygusu açısından grupların farklı olmadığı saptanmıştır. İntihar olasılığı ölçeği alt ölçeklerine bakıldığında “düşmanlık” alt ölçeği dışında majör depresyon ve özkıyım grubunun farklı olmadığı görülmüştür.

Sonuç: Dış dünyaya yönlendirilmiş hostiliteyi ölçen ve özkıyımın açıklanmasında önemi olabilecek düşmanlık ölçeğinden majör depresyon grubunun daha yüksek puan alması bu çalışmada iki grup arasında saptanan en önemli farklardan biridir.
Cognitive and Emotional Factors in Major Depression and Suicide
Objective: Suicide is defined as ending ones life with his own will. It is the most frequent reason of death in psychiatry and accepted as tragic since it can be the cause of young peoples deaths. In this study patients with recent suicide attempt were compared with major depression patients without suicide history and the control group by means of emotional and cognitive variables since suicide is an important complication of major depression and both have similar cognitive processes.

Method: Thirty patients from each group were assessed by means of demographic variables, Beck depression inventory, UCLA loneliness scale, automatic thoughts scale, and suicide probability scale. Results were analyzed by SPSS for windows.

Results: Three groups were not statistically different by means of demographic variables except age and sex. Women were high risk group for major depression and suicide. The mean age of suicide group was significantly lower than major depression group. When analyzed by means of emotional and cognitive variables; the suicide group had high depressive symptomatology. Automatic thoughts scale scores were higher in the suicide group than the major depression group. Three groups did not differ by means of Ucla loneliness scores. When groups were compared by suicide probability scale; the major depression group and the suicide group did not differ in sub scales except hostility.

Coclusion: Major depression groups high scores in hostility scale which may be the explanation of suicide; is one of the most important findings in this study

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