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Yıl:2016; Cilt: 17; Sayı: 2>> Özet
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Bağımlılık Dergisi; 2016;17(2):66-70
Bir Üniversite Hastanesine Alkol Dışı Madde Kullanımı Ön Tanısıyla Başvuran Kişilerin Madde Tarama Test Sonuçlarının Analizi
A Okan, A Atlı, C Alhan, S Demir, MC Kaya, A Sır
Dicle Üniversitesi, Diyarbakır
Giriş: İdrarda toksikolojik analiz, madde kullanımının tespitini, bağımlılığı tedavisi ve tedaviye uyumu hızlıca değerlendiren en objektif yöntemlerden biridir. Toksikolojik analizin öncelikli amacı kanunlara uygun olarak çeşitli durumlarda, yasadışı yada yasaklanmış ilaç yada maddelerin kullanımının saptanmasıdır. Bu çalışmada Dicle Üniversitesi hastanesine alkol dışı madde kullanımı ön tanısıyla başvuran kişilerin toksikolojik analiz sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştir. Yöntem: Çalışmamıza 2014 yılı Ocak-Aralık ayları arasında Dicle Üniversitesi Psikiyatri polikiliniğine kendi isteği veya ailesinin talebiyle başvuran ve idrarında madde metaboliti istenen 167 kişi dahil edilmiştir. Bu kişilerin dosyaları deneyimli araştırmacılar tarafından geriye dönük olarak taranarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Çalışma örnekleminin %88'i (n=147) erkek, %12'si (n=20) ise kadındı. Katılımcıların %44,9'unun (n=75) idrarında madde metaboliti tespit edilirken %55,1'inin (n=92) idrarında maddeye rastlanılmadı. Kişilerin kullandıkları maddeler sıklık sırasına göre esrar %88 (n=66), Methylene Dioxymetamphetamine (MDMA) %18,6 (n=14), metamfetamin %16 (n=12), opioid %5,3 (n=4), barbitürat %4 (n=3) ve fensiklidin %2,7 (n=2) olarak tespit edildi. Kadınların ise ikisinin marijuana ve birinin MDMA-metamfetamin kullandığı tespit edildi. Çoklu madde kullanımı %37,3 (n=28) iken tek madde kullanımının %62,7 (n=47) olduğu görüldü. Tek madde kullananların kırküçününün esrar, ikisinin metamfetamin, birinin MDMA ve birinin barbitürat aldığı tespit edildi. Tartışma ve Sonuç: Çalışmamızda toksikolojik analiz yapılanların %55,1'inde maddeye rastlanılmadı. Madde testinde en sık tespit edilen madde esrardı. Bununla beraber esrardan sonra sıklıkla yine uyarıcı özellikte amfetamin ve metamfetamin kullanıldığı bulunmuş, ve ayrıca fensiklidin, barbitürat, opioid ve türevleri de pozitif çıkan diğer maddeler arasında yer almaktadır. Çok sayıda çevresel faktör esrar kullanım oranlardaki artışı ve yükselen bağımlılık yaygınlığını etkilemiş olabilir. Sonuç olarak madde kullanımı önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Maddeye ulaşma ve elde etme kolaylaştıkça kullanım oranlarındaki artiş kaygı verici seviyelere varmıştır. Bölgemizin başta esrar olmak üzere madde kullanımı açısından ciddi risk taşıdığı görülmektedir. Bu veriler ışığında Diyarbakır'ın acil sağlık ihtiyaçlarının yanısıra madde kullanımıyla ilgili koruyucu tedbirlerin arttırılması gerekmektedir.
Analysis of the Substance Scanning Test Results of Non- Alcohol Substance Abusers Who Admitted an University Hospital
Background: Urine toxicological analysis is one of the objective procedures as rapidly investigate for the identifies substance use, including initial diagnosis, with treatment plan for substance abusers and compliance with treatment. Toxicological analysis for legal purposes primarily aims to detect illegal or banned drug and substance use in a variety of situations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of toxicological analysis of patients who admitted to Dicle University Hospital with prediagnosis of non-alcohol substance use. Method: The participants of the study included 167 patients who admitted voluntarily or by request of the family to outpatient psychiatry department of Dicle Medicine Faculty and who were asked for urine toxicology screen from January to December 2014. The files of each participants were carefully evaluated with retrospective analysis by the experienced researchers. Results: 12.0 % (n=20) of the participants were female, and 88.0 % (n=147) of them were male. 44.9 % of participants (n=75) had urine positive whereas the 55.1% of patients (n=92) had urine negative for substance use. The most common substance use was Marijuana (88%, n=66) followed by 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) (18.6%,n=14), Methamphetamine (Meth) (16.0%,n=12), opioids (5.3%, n=4), Barbiturates (4.0%,n=3) and Phencyclidine (PCP) (2.7%, n=2), respectively. Results showed that 37.3% (n=28) of patients were using polysubstance, whereas the 62.7% (n=47) of patients were using only one substance. One particular substance usage ratio was: 43 participants were using Marijuana, 2 participants were using Meth, 1 participant was using Barbiturates, and 1 participant was using MDMA. Discussion and Conclusion: According to toxicological analysis, substance use were not found in 55.1 % of the participants. The most common substance use was marijuana in toxicological analysis. In addition, other substances with stimulant effect were among the commonly used substances, including the meth amphetamine, amphetamine and also phencyclidine, barbiturates, opioid and its derivatives. Numerous environmental factors may have affected this growing rates of increases in marijuana abuse and growing dependence prevalence. As a result, substance abuse is an important public health problem. Increase in substance use rate and easy access to substances have reached a worrying level. Our region carries a significant risk in terms of the substance abuse and particularly for marijuana. In light of these results, protective actions related to use of the substances should be increased besides the emergency health care needs in Diyarbakir.

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