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Yıl:2002; Cilt: 13; Sayı: 1>> Özet
TAM METİN
Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2002;13(1):5-13
İlköğretim okullarına devam eden Türk çocuklarının sınıf düzeylerine göre okuma hızı ve yazım hataları normlarının geliştirilmesi
G Erden, F Kurdoğlu, R Uslu
Ankara Üniv, Ankara.
Giriş: Öğrenmeye ilişkin sorunları olan çocuklar, yeterli zihinsel yetiye sahip olmaları ve uygun eğitim alamlarına karşın, çoğu zaman okulda kendilerinden beklenen başarıyı gösterememektedirler. Çocuk Ruh Sağlığı kliniklerinde bu çocuklara tanı koyabilmek ve gerektiğinde tedaviyi yönlendirebilmek için akademik başarı testlerine gerkesinim duyulmaktadır.

Amaç: Ülkemizde eksikliği hissedilen, Özgül Öğrenme Güçlüğü’ne tanı koymada yardımcı olacak ve akademik başarıyı nesnel olarak değerlendirebilecek bir aracın geliştirilerek ülkemize kazandırılmasıdır.

Yöntem: Ankara İl Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğü’nce üst, orta ve alt sosyoekonomik düzeyleri temsil edebileceği önerilen ilköğretim okulları arasından seçkisiz yöntemle seçilen okullarda 1-5’inci sınıflara devam eden öğrenciler örneklemi oluşturmuştur. Araştırma örnekleminde 1359 erkek (%52.8) ve 1213 kız (%47.2) olmak üzere toplam 2572 öğrenci yer almıştır. Örneklemde yer alan öğrencilerin tümüne, sınıf düzeylerine uygun Türkçe kitaplarından seçilmiş okuma metinleri bir dakika süreyle okutularak okuma hızları saptanmıştır. Yazı hatalarını değerlendirmek üzere oluşturulan ve p-d-t-m-n-v-f gibi sessizlerin sık kullanıldığı standart 3 cümleden oluşan bir metin (dikte metni) yazdırılarak yazım hataları ve sıklıkları hesap edilmiştir.

Bulgular ve Tartışma: Okuma hızı ve yazım hataları sınıf düzeylerine göre farklılık göstermektedir. Sınıf düzeylerine göre elde edilen ortalama, standart sapma ve standart puanlar ile nesnel bir akademik başarı değerlendirme ölçütüne erişilmiştir. Ancak cinsiyet ve sosyokültürel düzey farklılıklarının da irdelenmesi gerekmektedir.
Development of Grade Level Norms for Reading Speed and Writing Errors of Turkish Elementary School Children
Introduction: Despite being in the normal intelligence range, children with learning disorders fail to reach expected academic performance levels. Clinical diagnosis and decisions for therapeutic management for these children require the use of academic achievement tests. The lack of reliable achievement tests and age appropriate reading speed and writing norms hinder clinical studies with Turkish children.

Objective: To develop and establish Turkish norms of an assessment tool which will aid in the objective evaluation and diagnosis of learning disorders.

Method: A total of 2572 children attending the 1st-5th grades of randomly selected elementary schools belonging to different socioeconomic levels constituted the sample of the study. The number of words read from grade-level appropriate scripts in 1 minute indicated reading speed. A three-sentence script containing repeating consonants p-b-t-d-m-n-v-f was dictated to determine writing errors.

Results and Discussion: Grade levels of reading speed increase and writing errors decrease as the child grows. Mean, standard deviation and standard error scores indicate that objective academic achivement criteria were reached. Achievement differences according to gender and sociocultural status, which were not the subject of this study, also seem to be important variables.


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