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Yıl:2016; Cilt: 27; Sayı: 3>> Özet
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Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2016;27(3):218-223
Bir Travmatik Beyin Hasarı Olgusunda Orbitomedial Prefrontal Bölge Bağlantılarının İncelenmesi
C Hepdurgun, Ö Özalay, S Eroğlu, IP Nazlı, Ö Kitiş, AS Gönül
Ege Üniversitesi, İzmir
Prefrontal bölgeyle ilgili çalışmalar son yıllara kadar büyük oranda gri madde hasarına odaklanmıştır. Güncel çalışmalar ise kortikal hasarın yanı sıra iki beyin bölgesi arasındaki bağlantılarda bozulmanın da bilişsel bozukluklara katkıda bulunduğunu göstermektedir. Günümüzde Difüzyon Tensör Görüntüleme (DTG) yardımıyla beyaz madde lifleri değerlendirilebilmekte, devreler üç boyutlu olarak yapılandırılarak ilgili ölçümler yapılabilmektedir. Bu yazıda, travmatik beyin hasarından sonra ciddi davranış değişiklikleri, panik atakları, paresteziler ve işitme varsanılarının ortaya çıktığı bir olgu sunulmuştur. Olgu detaylı klinik-nöropsikolojik incelemenin yanı sıra manyetik rezonans görüntüleme ve DTG ile değerlendirilmiştir. Sol orbitofrontal bölgede yaklaşık 3,4 cm çapında ensefalomalazik alan saptanmış, Difüzyon Tensor Traktografi ile lezyon tarafındaki major beyaz madde devreleri karşı taraftaki simetrik devrelerle karşılaştırılmıştır. Lezyon tarafındaki inferior fronto-oksipital fasiküle ait hiç akım hattı (streamline) saptanamamış, unsinat fasikül ve singulum devrelerinin akım hattı sayılarıysa karşı tarafa göre sırasıyla %62 ve %34 oranında daha düşük bulunmuştur. Travmatik beyin hasarında beyaz madde devrelerinin zarar görmesi, travma bölgesiyle bağlantısı bozulan farklı bölgelerde işlev bozukluklarına yol açabilmektedir. Olgumuzda da travma sonrasında ortaya çıkan belirtiler, hasarın meydana geldiği bölgenin işlev bozukluklarıyla sınırlı kalmamıştır. Bu olgu sunumunda; hasarlı bölgeyle bağlantılı devrelerin zarar gördüğü ileri tanı yöntemleriyle gösterilmiş, doğrudan hasara uğramayan kortikal bölgelerle ilgili klinik bulguların da ortaya çıktığı vurgulanmıştır.
Investigating Connectivity of Orbitomedial Prefrontal Region in a Patient with Traumatic Brain Injury
The majority of the research studying the prefrontal region has focused on gray matter injury. However, recent studies show that damage to white matter also contributes to the development of cognitive impairment after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Through the use of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), it is now possible to assess the white matter fiber pathways between brain regions. With Diffusion Tensor Tractography (DTT), fibers of interest can be three dimensionally reconstructed and associated measurements can be performed. In this paper, we present the case of an individual that suffered from panic attacks, behavioral changes, auditory hallucinations and disturbing bodily sensations after traumatic brain injury. The patient was evaluated with a detailed clinical and neuropsychological assessment, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and DTI. MRI revealed cystic encephalomalasia with a diameter of 3.4 cm in the left orbitomedial frontal region. With DTT, major white matter tracts of the traumatized area were compared with symmetrical tracts in the contralateral side. Streamline count for the right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (iFOF) was 54 while no streamlines could be found for the left iFOF. For the left uncinate fasciculus and the left cingulum, streamline counts were significantly lower compared with the right side (62% and 34% lower; respectively). White matter damage in TBI can cause dysfunction of different brain regions through disruption of connections with the traumatized area. In this case report, we emphasized that symptoms were not limited with dysfunction of the traumatized region and the regular functions of other brain regions were also affected via the disturbance of connection pathways.

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