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Yıl:2016; Cilt: 7; Sayı: 2>> Özet
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Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Dergisi; 2016;7(2):68-74
Hipertansiyon ve Astım Hastalarında Aleksitimi ve Sosyal Desteğin İncelenmesi
SA Karakaş, EY Karabulutlu, RÇ Akyıl, N Erdem, G Bahçelioğlu
Atatürk Üniversitesi, Erzurum
Giriş ve amaç: Bu çalışma, hipertansiyon ve astım hastalarında aleksitimi ve sosyal destek arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek amacıyla tanımlayıcı olarak yapılmıştır. Yöntem ve gereçler: Araştırmanın evrenini Erzurum’da iki hastanede Kardiyoloji ve Göğüs Hastalıkları polikliniklerine 1 Nisan -15 Mayıs 2011 tarihleri arasında başvuran hipertansiyon ve astım tanısı almış hastalar oluşturmaktadır. Örneklemi ise çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden 191 hipertansiyon ve 150 astım hastası (341 hasta) oluşturmuştur. Veri toplamada kişisel bilgi formu, Toronto Aleksitimi Ölçeği (TAÖ-20), Aile ve Arkadaşlardan Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği (ASD-AL ve ASD-AR) kullanılmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde yüzdelik dağılımlar, ortalamalar, t testi ve pearson korelasyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Bu çalışmada hipertansiyon hastalarının arkadaştan algıladığı sosyal destek ile aleksitimi düzeyleri ve astım hastalarının aileden algıladığı sosyal destek ile aleksitimi düzeyleri arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir(p<0.001). Çalışmamızda düşük aleksitimi puan ortalamalarının düşük sosyal destek algısı ile ilişkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda hipertansiyon hastalarının aleksitimi ölçeği toplam puan ortalaması (59.72±7.56), duyguları tanıma zorluğu alt boyutu puan ortalaması (18.4±5.19); astım hastaların da ise aleksitimi ölçeği toplam puan ortalaması (57.00±7.43), duyguları tanıma zorluğu alt boyut puan ortalaması (15.28±4.40) olarak bulunmuştur. Hipertansiyon hastalarında aleksitimi ölçeği toplam puan ortalaması ve duyguları tanıma zorluğu alt boyutu puan ortalamasının astım hastalarına göre daha yüksek olduğu ve aradaki farkın istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Hipertansiyon hastalarının aileden algıladıkları sosyal desteğin puan ortalaması (14.26±3.65), astım hastalarında ise hipertansiyon hastalarına göre daha düşük olduğu (11.83±3.75) ve aradaki farkın anlamlı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Tartışma ve sonuç: Sonuç olarak aleksitimik olan bireylerin sosyal destek algılarının düşük olduğu söylenebilir. Bu sonuçlar doğrultusunda aleksitimi konusunda sağlık personelinin bilgilendirilmesi, kronik hastalıklarda oluşabilecek aleksitimi gibi ruhsal sorunlarda koruyucu etkisi olan sosyal destek sistemlerinin harekete geçirilmesi önerilmektedir.
Investigating Alexithymia and Social Support in Patients with Hypertension and Asthma
Introduction: The aim of this descriptive study was to determine the relationship between alexithymia and social support in patients with hypertension and asthma. Methods: The study population consisted patients diagnosed with asthma and hypertension, who admitted between April 1 -15 May 2011 to cardiology and pulmonology illness clinics in two hospitals located in the Province of Erzurum, Turkey. The sample consisted of 191 hypertensionand 150 asthma patients (341 patients) among these patients who agreed to participate in this study. Personal information form, Toronto AlexithymiaScale (TAS-20), Perceived Social Support from Family and Friends Scale (PSS-Fa and PSS-Fr) was used for data collection. For evaluation of the data, percentage distributions, means, t-test and Pearson correlation analysis was used. Results: In this study, significant relationships were found between levels of alexithymia and social support perceived by patients with hypertension from their friends and perceived social support perceived by patients with asthma from their families (p<0.001). In our study, lower alexithymia score averages were found to be correlated with the low perceived social support. As a result of the study, mean alexithymia scale score was found as 59.72±7.56, and the mean score in the difficulty-identifying-feelings sub-scale was 18.4±5.19 in the patients with hypertension; whereas, mean alexithymia scale score was 57.00±7.43, and the mean score in the difficulty-identifying-feelings sub-scale was found to be 15.28±4.40 in the patients with asthma. It was determined that mean alexithymia scale score and mean difficulty-identifying-feelings sub-scale score was found to be higher than of patients with asthma, and the difference was statistically significant. And, mean score of the social support perceived by patients with asthma from their families (11.83±3.75) was found to be lower compared to patients with hypertension (14.26±3.65), with a statistically significant difference. Discussion and conclusion: It may be concluded that low perceived social support of individuals with alexithymia. In line with these results, it is recommended to inform healtcare personnel about alexithymia, and to mobilize the social support systems which have a protective effect on mental health problems that may occur in chronic diseases.

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