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Yıl:1997; Cilt: 5; Sayı: Ek 2>> Özet
Psikiyatri Psikoloji Psikofarmakoloji (3P) Dergisi; 1997;5(Ek 2):9-13
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Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara
Samuel Beckett 'in Godot ’yu Beklerken adlı oyununun iki asal teması olan bekleme olgusu ile Godot ’nun kimliği üzerinde durarak bu oyunun hangi anlamlı gerçeğe ışık tuttuğunu açıklamaya çalışalım. Tiyatro sanatı bağlamında bekleme, başlangıcından beri oyun yazarlarının sıkça başvurduğu bir gerilim yaratma süreci olmuştur. Genellikle klasik kurgulamak oyunlarda olaylar arasına sıkıştırılan bekleme süresinde oyun kişisinin iç çatışmaları, iç gelişimi sergilenir ve seyirci, bekleme sonrasında kahramanın alacağı karara, göstereceği tepkiye, dolayısı ile bir sonraki eyleme hazırlanır. Bu kurgulamaya Antik Yunan oyunlarından başlayarak günümüze kadar yazılmış pek çok oyundan örnekler verilebilir. Modern kapsamına giren oyunlarda ise bekleme kendi başına dramatik anlam taşıyan bir süreç olarak ele alınmıştır. Bekleme, ya bir umutsuzluk durumunu, ya kahramanın eyleme olanağının olmadığını, ya da da muhtemel bir tehlikenin yaklaştığını sezdirir. Örneğin, Beckett'in oyun kişileri, kim olduğu, gelip gelmeyeceği bilinmeyen bir Godot'yu bekler dururlar ve bizi bu kişilerin eylemsizlikleri, umutsuzlukları, umarsızlıkları gibi konularda düşündürürler. Öte yandan Vladimir ile Estragon 'un beklemelerini bir direnme gösterisi olarak da yorumlamak olasıdır. Özellikle bu kişilerin bir oyun oynadıkları göz Önünde tutulursa Godot ’nun o sırada orada bulunmayan bir oyun kişisi olduğu, kişilerin böyle bir oyun oynayarak yaşamın zorluklarına karşı direnç kaznmaya çalıştıkları düşünülebilir. Bekleme olgusunu en incelikli bir biçimde işlemiş olan Anton Çehov'un kişilerinin bekledikleri mutluluğu bulamadıklarını fakat insanlıktan umut kesmeyip kendilerinden sonra güzel günlerin geleceğini düşlediklerini hatırlayarak diyoruz ki, eğer biz de umutsuz bir bekleyiş durumunda isek Çehov ’un kişilerine Beckett'in seçeneği ile değil, kendi sorumluluk bilincimizle ve eylemlerimizle yanıt verelim ve onların gelecek kuşaklara besledikleri umudu haklı çıkaralım.
Man in expectation
Various interpretations of Samuel Beckett’s play Waiting for Godot have almost exhausted all possible answers to the question about the significance of an endless waiting for somebody of unknown identity. We know that the act of waiting has always been used as an influential technique to create tension both in the characters of the play and in the audience. In many plays, the hero of the play experiences inner conflict or inner development during this waiting period for someting to happen or someone to come and reaches a crutial desicion at the end of it. Nora ’s dance scene in Henrik Ibsen’s play Nora is one of the examples of such productive waiting periods, after which Nora will reach the suprising desicion to leave her husband. Oidipus’ waiting for the news about his post, Elektra's waiting for her brother Orestes to come and commit the planned crime, Medea’s waiting for Creon’s answer to her request to stay one more day in town, Hamlet’s waiting for the reaction of King Claudius to the players ‘ show are only a few of the many examples of such productive waiting periods. Waiting condition becomes significant in itself and takes the place of the main inaction in some plays. Anton Chekhov's characters being unable to materialize their wishes and expectations, realize that they are doomed to spend their lives in endless waiting. Maeterlinck's one act plays, such as The Intruder, suggest that some people can sense the presence of death while waiting in silence. In modern plays waiting represents the inaction of the characters who have lost their confidence both in themselves and in the society they live in. Modern man, who has experienced the cruelties of wars, difficulties of economic struggles feels himself threathened by an unknown peril and waits in fear for new hazards. Harold Pinter reflects the anguish of such sort of waiting in his plays. Waiting for Godot is the most striking example of modern plays that reflect the absurdity and the hopelessness of the eternal waiting condition of the modern man. Since the spectator is also deprived of the advantage of being informed about the identity and the intention of the waited, which would enable him taste the superiority rendered by dramatic irony, the absurdity of the condition includes him as well. On the other hand, the question of man’s incompotonce to insert his will and make his own choice, and his inclination to subdue to a higher power is presented in a playfull manner. In fact Waiting for Godot is a play wihtin a play in which Vladimir and Estragon address each other with their play names Didi and Gogo and perform a kind of show. In this case, Godot may convincingly the name of another actor who is missing for the present time and play itself is a kind of creative inaction which may be interpreted as a manifestation of their will to survive. We remember that Chekhov’s disappointed characters still believed in future generations. Modern man faces them with Beckett’s frustrated manner. What should be our alternative answer?

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