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Yıl:1999; Cilt: 14; Sayı: 43>> Özet
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Türk Psikoloji Dergisi; 1999;14(43):71-106
Yetişkin Bağlanma Stilleri Ölçeklerinin Türk Örneklemi Üzerinde Psikometrik Değerlendirmesi ve Kültürlerarasi Bir Karşılaştırma
N Sümer, D Güngör
Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Ankara
Son yıllarda yetişkin bağlanma stilleri (güvenli, korkulu, saplantılı ve kayıtsız) yaygın olarak dörtlü bağlanma modeli (Bartholomew ve Horowitz, 1991) kapsamında incelenmektedir. Bu araştırmada birbirini izleyen üç ayrı çalışma ile, bağlanma stillerini önerilen model temelinde ölçen iki ölçeğin güvenirlik ve geçerliği incelenmiş ve kültürlerarası bir karşılaştırma yapılmıştır. Birinci çalışmada, tek maddeli ölçümlere dayanan İlişki Anketinin (İA) ve çok maddeyle ölçülen İlişki Ölçekleri Anketinin (İÖA) Türk örneklemi üzerinde yeterli düzeyde güvenirlik, değişmezlik ve birleşen geçerliği gösterdiği, ancak bu iki ölçeğin katılımcıları bağlanma stilleri içinde gruplandırma açısından yeterli düzeyde çakışmadığı bulunmuştur. İkinci çalışmada, öncelikle birinci çalışmanın bulguları tekrarlanmış ve dört temel bağlanma stilinin (profilinin) Türk kültüründe de dörtlü bağlanma modeli çerçevesinde tanımlanabileceği gösterilmiştir. Aynı zamanda, ölçeklerin yapı geçerliğini destekler şekilde bağlanma stillerinin altta yatan zihinsel modeller (benlik ve başkaları modeli) temelinde örgütlendiği ve ele alınan sonuç değişkenleriyle beklendik yönde ilişkili olduğu bulunmuştur. Son çalışmada Türkiye ve ABD'deki üniversite öğrencileri karşılaştırılarak, her iki kültürde de ölçeklerin benzer psikometrik özelliklere sahip olduğu gösterilmiş ve İÖA 'nın İA 'dan daha tutarlı sonuçlar verdiği saptanmıştır. Ayrıca, iki kültür arasındaki farklılıkların daha çok güvensiz bağlanma kategorileri arasında olduğu ve Türk örnekleminde saplantılı, Amerikan örnekleminde de kayıtsız ve korkulu stillerin daha yüksek oranlarda temsil edildiği bulunmuştur. Bulgular, bağlanma literatüründeki ölçme problemleri ve kültürlerarası farklılıklar ışığında tartışılmıştır.
Psychometric Evaluation of Adult Attachment Measures on Turkish Samples and a Cross-Cultural Comparison
In recent years, adult attachment styles (secure, fearful, preoccupied, and dismissing) have been widely investigated within the framework of four-category model (Bartholomew and Horowitz, 1991). In three consecutive studies, the reliability and validity of two commonly used measures of attachment styles were examined on the Turkish sample and a cross-cultural comparison with a U.S. sample was made. Results of the Study 1 revealed that both the single and multi-item measures of attachment styles (Relationships Questionnaire; RQ and Relationships Scales Questionnaire; RSQ) have satisfacton level of reliability, stability and convergent validity. However, these two measures did not correspond in classifying respondents into the four attachment groups in an acceptable degree. Study 2, first, replicated the results of study 1 and second, demonstrated that the four attachment styles can be sufficiently identified among Turkish students. Supporting the construct validity of the attachment scales, findings indicated that the four attachment styles were organized around the two underlying dimensions of attachment (modeis of self and oihers), and they were related to the outcome variables employed in the study consistent mth the assumptions of attachment theory. The final study permitted a comparison of Turkish sample with American students from the perspective of four- category model, it was found that although the attachment scales had compatible psychometric quality in both cultures, the RSQ was relatively more consistent than the RQ across the two samples. Furthermore, cultural differences in attachment styles were found especially among the insecure styles and students with preoccupied styles in the Turkish sample and those with dismissing and featful styles in the American sample seemed to be overrepresented. Findings were discussed in the light of attachment literature regarding the measurement issues and cross-cultural differences.

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