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Yıl:2004; Cilt: 19; Sayı: 53>> Özet
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Türk Psikoloji Dergisi; 2004;19(53):23-47
Güvenli Sürücülüğün Değerlendirilmesinde Etkili Olan Değişkenlerin İncelenmesi: Sürücünün Demografik Özellikleri, Deneyimi, Kişilik Özellikleri ve Psiko-Teknik Değerlendirme
S Amado, M Koyuncu, G Kaçaroğlu
Ege Üniversitesi, İzmir
Psiko-teknik değerlendirme ülkemizde 2000 yılından itibaren yasal çerçevede uygulanmaya başlamış, psikolojinin yeni bir uygulama alanıdır. Bu çalışmada 904 kişilik bir örneklem ile uygulamadan elde edilen veriler ışığında, psiko-teknik değerlendirme bulguları, sürücünün kişilik ve demografik özellikleri ile kazaya karışma ve trafik ihlalleri arasındaki ilişkiler incelenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, son üç yıl içinde kaza yapmış sürücülerin doğru tepki sayıları kaza yapmamış sürücülere oranla daha düşük, tepki zamanları daha yavaş ve muhakeme yetenekleri daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Buna ek olarak kaza yapmış sürücülerin, tepkisellik (muhalif, tartışmacı), düzensizlik (dağınık, ihmalci, dikkatsiz) ve heyecan arama (risk almaya yatkın, maceracı) kişilik özelliklerini daha fazla gösterdikleri bulunmuştur. Yaş ve sürücülük deneyimi değişkenleri, bilişsel ve psiko-motor becerilerle ilişkili bulunmuştur. Psiko-teknik değerlendirmede başarılı olarak ehliyetlerini geri alan kişilerin, 1.5 yıl içinde aynı ihlali tekrar yapma oranları %32.2 olarak bulunmuştur. Hız ihlali nedeniyle değerlendirilen sürücülerin testten başarısız olma oranları %8.4 olarak bulunurken, bu oran alkollü araç kullanma nedeniyle değerlendirilenlerde % 15'e çıkmıştır. Tüm bulgular güvenli sürücülüğün değerlendirilmesinde psiko-teknik değerlendirmenin yanında kişilik ve sürücü davranışlarının incelenmesi ile oluşturulacak "psikolojik değerlendirme"nin önemine işaret etmektedir. Sürücülerin bu değerlendirmenin yanı sıra sürücü geliştirme ve rehabilitasyon programlarına yönlendirilmesinin, tekrar ihlal davranışlarının azalmasına katkıda bulunacağı önerilmiştir.
Evaluation of Factors Affecting Safe Driving: Demografic Factors, Experience, Personality And Psycho-Technical Evaluation
Psycho-technical evaluation is a new area of applied psychology in Turkey. In this study, a sample of 904 multiple offenders were used to investigate the relationships among cognitive and psycho-motor abilities, personality traits, demographic characteristics, accidents, and offenses. According to the results, drivers who had accidents in the last three years were found to have slower reaction times and less correct responses but performed better in reasoning ability. Moreover, drivers who had accidents showed impulsive, antagonistic, inattentive, risk taking, adventurous and sensation seeking personality traits. Age and driving experience were found to be related to cognitive and psycho-motor abilities. The recidivism rate of those who succeeded the evaluation and received their licenses back was found to be 32.2% in 1.5 years. The rate of drivers failing the evaluation was found to be 8.4% and 15% for speed offenders and for drinking and driving offenders, respectively. These findings point out the significance of a "psychological evaluation" which is based on the assessment of personality traits and driver behaviors as well as psycho-technical evaluation. For the reduction of recidivism rates, in addition to psychological evaluation, driver improvement and rehabilitation programs are recommended.

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