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Yıl:2009; Cilt: 12; Sayı: 24>> Özet
TAM METİN
Türk Psikoloji Yazıları; 2009;12(24):1-13
Savaş Yaşantılarının Ardından Çocuk ve Ergenlerde Gözlenen Travma Tepkileri ve Psiko-Sosyal Yardım Önerileri
G Erden, G Gürdil
Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara
Günümüzde milyonlarca çocuk savaşların, terör saldırılarının ve politik çatışmaların masum kurbanları durumuna gelmektedir. Bu şiddet eylemlerinin çocuklar üzerinde yarattığı travmatik etkiler, onların fiziksel, psikolojik ve ahlaki gelişimleri üzerinde kalıcı zararlar bırakmaktadır. Çocuk ve ergenlerin travmatik deneyimler karşısında gösterdikleri tepkiler genel anlamda benzerlik gösterse de bu tepkilerin ortaya çıkış biçimleri içinde bulunulan gelişim dönemleri açısından farklılaşabilir. Bu nedenle, savaş travmasının ardından yürütülen psiko-sosyal girişimler çocukların gelişimsel özellikleri dikkate alınarak planlanmalıdır. Bu çalışmada çocukların savaş deneyimlerinin ardından yaşadıkları travma tepkilerinin ve bu tepkilerin hafifletilmesi amacıyla uygulanabilecek girişimlerin özetlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Öncelikle çocukların savaş yaşantılarının ardından gösterebilecekleri tepkiler yaş gruplarına göre incelenmiştir. Ardından değişik yaş gruplarındaki çocuklara destek sağlamak için yetişkinler tarafından dikkat edilmesi gereken noktalar ve uzmanlar tarafından yürütülen psiko-sosyal girişim programları özetlenmiştir. Son olarak, savaş travmasına maruz kalan çocuklarla yürütülen çalışmalarda kullanılabilecek yöntemlerle ilgili bazı örnekler sunulmuştur.
Trauma Reactions Observed at Children and Adolescents in Pursuit of War Experiences and Psycho-Social Help Suggestions
Today, millions of children are becoming innocent victims of wars, terror attacks and political conflicts. The traumatic effects of these violence acts are leaving permanent damage on children’s physical, psychological and moral development. Although, responses displayed to traumatic experiences are generally similar in children and adolescents, the manifestation of these responses may differ on the basis of developmental stages being through. Therefore, when planning psychosocial interventions after war trauma, children’s developmental features should be taken into account. In this paper, it is aimed to summarize trauma responses of children after war experiences and interventions that can be applied in order to reduce these responses. Initially, potential responses after war experiences have been reviewed on the basis of age groups. Subsequently, points that should be considered by adults and psychosocial intervention programs being conducted by specialists in order to support children of different age groups have been summarized. Finally, some examples that can be utilized when working with children exposed to war trauma have been offered.

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