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Yıl:2006; Cilt: 9; Sayı: 18>> Özet
TAM METİN
Türk Psikoloji Yazıları; 2006;9(18):63-80
Test ve Ölçek Geliştimede Yeni Yaklaşımlar: Madde Cevap Kuramı Kapsamında Madde İşlevsel Farklılık (Madde Yanlılık) Yöntemleri
M korkmaz
Ege Üniversitesi, İzmir
Madde cevap kuramına temellenen madde işlevsel farklılık çalışmaları, farklı alt grup/evren üyelikleri olan gruplar arası karşılaştırmalarda olduğu kadar, farklı kültürler arasında da madde/ test işlevsel farklılığının belirlenmesinde ya da ölçme eşdeğerliğinin incelenmesinde oldukça güçlü yöntemler sağlamaktadır. Bir ölçek ya da madde aynı örtük özelliği her iki grupta aynı şekilde ölçemiyorsa (ölçme eşdeğerliği yoksa) testten elde edilen sonuçlara göre gruplar arasındaki benzerlik ya da farklılıklar, ilgilenilen örtük özellik kapsamında yorumlanamaz. Geleneksel test kuramı içerisinde bu olgu ölçek/test yanlılığı ya da madde yanlılığı olarak, madde cevap kuramı kapsamında ise madde işlevsel farklılığı olarak adlandırılmıştır. Bu yazıda madde cevap kuramına dayalı olarak üç madde işlevsel farklılık yönteminden söz edilecektir. Bu yöntemler; 1- Olabilirlik oranı testi model karşılaştırma yöntemi 2- Madde-test işlevsel farklılık yöntemi, 3- Parametre karşılaştırma yöntemi’ dir.
The New Approaches in Scale Development: Methods of Differential Item Functioning (Item Bias) Based on Item Response Theory
Studies of differential item functioning (DIF) established on item response theory (IRT), provides quite powerful methods in examining the measurement equivalence or determining the item-test differential functioning among different cultures as well as in the comparison among groups that has members from sub group/population. When a scale or an item does not measure the same latent trait or ability for both groups, the results are not interpretable with respect to the latent trait. Traditionally, this phenomenon has been called scale or item bias. More recently, item bias is called as differential item functioning (DIF) in the perspective of the item response theory. This article provides a brief primer overview of three differential item functioning methods based on the item response theory. These methods are IRT likelihood ratio test (LR) with comparison model, IRT differential functioning of items and tests (DFIT), and parameter comparison method.

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