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Yıl:2015; Cilt: 5; Sayı: 4>> Özet
TAM METİN
Journal of Mood Disorders; 2015;5(4):151-160
Psikiyatri polikliniğine ilk başvurusu olan ardışık hastaların tedavi uyumu
G Alpak, I Aksoy, B Demir, A Ünal, O Vırıt, F Bülbül, HA Savaş
Gaziantep Üniversitesi, Gaziantep
Amaç: Psikiyatri polikliniğinde tedaviye uyumsuzluk ve kontrol muayeneye başvurmama sık rastlanan bir durumdur. Psikiyatrik rahatsızlıklarda tedavi uyumsuzluğu yapılan çalışmalarda hasta popülasyonuna bağlı olarak çok değişkenlik göstermekte ise de ciddi bir sağlık sorunu olarak kabul edilmektedir. Tedavi uyumsuzluğu ile ilgili daha önce yapılan çalışmalar daha çok belirli bir psikiyatrik bozukluğa veya psikotrop ilaca odaklanmıştır. Farklı psikiyatrik tanıları olan veya farklı ilaç kullanan hastaların tedavi uyumunu değerlendiren çalışma sayısı bir elin parmaklarını geçmeyecek sayıdadır. Yöntem: Gaziantep Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi psikiyatri polikliniğine başvuran ve ardışık olarak herhangi bir psikiyatrik tanı konulan 100 hastanın tedaviye uyumunu ve bir sonraki randevuya gelme oranları ile tedaviye uyumsuzluk nedenleri ve bununla ilgili faktörleri araştırmayı amaçladık. Bulgular: Bir sonraki randevuya gelmeme oranı 48% olarak bulundu. Hastaları iki gruba ayrıldı; Grup I, 52 kişiden oluşup “tedaviye uyumu olan” ve grup II, 48 kişiden oluşup “tedaviye uyumu olmayan” olarak isimlendirildi. Hastaların ilaçlarını kullanmadığı gün sayısının ortalama değeri 7.75±8.973 olarak bulundu. Bütün hastalar Morisky Tedavi Uyum Ölçeği’ne göre değerlendirildi; 31 hastanın düşük, 42 hastanın orta ve 27 hastanın yüksek derecede tedavi uyumu gösterdiği saptandı. Bivariate lojistik regresyon analizinde şehir dışında yaşamak (aOR: 5.410, 95% CI: 1.751, 16.718), sevkli olmak (aOR: 0.403, 95% CI: 0.136, 1.195), iki uçlu bozukluk tanısı olmak (aOR: 0.085, 95% CI: 0.008, 0.935) ve 3 günden fazla süre ilaçlarını kullanmamış olmak (aOR: 5.924, 95% CI: 2.257, 15.552) randevuya gelmeme durumunu öngörebilecek faktörler olarak belirlendi. Bu değişkenler yardımıyla tedavi uyumsuzluğunu %76 oranında tahmin edebilecek bir model oluşturduk. Sonuçlar: İlk randevuya uyumsuzluk literatürde %36-50 arasında rapor edilmiştir. Tedavinin erken dönemlerinde tedavi uyumsuzluğunu artırabilecek faktörleri bilerek hastanın uyumunu değerlendirmek ve buna göre önlemler almak önemlidir. Ancak bu faktörlerle ilgili yapılan çalışmaların sonuçları çelişkilidir. Literatürle uyumlu olarak bizim çalışmamızda da değişkenlerin çoğunda tedavi uyumu iyi olan ve kötü olan hastalar arasında anlamlı bir fark saptanmadı. Sadece iki değişken “tedaviye uyumu olan” ve “tedaviye uyumu olmayan” arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark gösterdi. Çalışmamızda tedavi uyumsuzluğunun yüksek olması hastaların psikiyatristle ilk defa karşılaşıyor olmasına bağlandı.
Missed appointments and medication non-compliance among consecutive psychiatric patients
Objective: Non-compliance to treatment and missing control appointments is common especially in psychiatric outpatient clinics. In studies, non-compliance rates in psychiatric disorders vary widely depending on the patient population. Studies about treatment compliance had been conducted mostly in patients who had a particular psychiatric disorder or used particular psychotropic drugs. Studies evaluating treatment compliance of patients who had different psychiatric diagnoses or treated with different drugs seems to be scarce. Methods: We aimed to evaluate the rates of compliance with recommended drugs and attendance to the next appointment of 100 consecutive patients who applied to psychiatric outpatient clinic of Gaziantep University Medical Faculty Hospital for the first time and diagnosed with a disorder and the reasons for non-attendance and factors associated with non-compliance. Results: The non-attendance rate for the following appointment was 48%. We grouped our patient sample into two; Group I was named as “attenders” and included 52 patients, Group II was named as “non-attenders” and consisted of 48 patients. The mean value of the days patients did not use their medication was found to be 7.75±8.973. All patients were evaluated according to Morisky Medication Adherence Questionnaire; 31 patients were defined as low, 42 patients as moderate and 27 patients as high compliant to therapy. In bivariate logistic regression analysis if the patient lives outside the city (aOR: 5.410, 95% CI: 1.751, 16.718), presence of referral (aOR: 0.403, 95% CI: 0.136, 1.195), diagnosis of bipolar disorder (aOR: 0.085, 95% CI: 0.008, 0.935), and missed medication for more than 3 days (aOR: 5.924, 95% CI: 2.257, 15.552) were found to be the variables that may predict the missed appointments. With these variables, we correctly predicted the presence of treatment compliance problem as 75% and absence of treatment compliance problem as 76.9% with an overall as 76%. Conclusions: Missed first appointment rates were reported as between 36-50%. Therefore, in the early times of a psychiatric treatment, it is important to evaluate the patient in terms of treatment compliance by having the knowledge of which factors may increase the non-compliance and reconsider our approach to the patient in order to ensure a more effective relationship that will help us to adhere the patient into the course of treatment. However, the results about these factors are inconsistent and not clear. Most of the socio-demographic variables were found to be insufficient to estimate non-compliance in high rates. In concordance with the literature, we also found that most of the variables were not statistically significantly different between attenders and non-attenders except two as mentioned in results. Also, it was reported that initial appointments and early times of a treatment period when the adherence between the psychiatrist and the patient was not built sufficiently increase the non-compliance. In our study, patients were meeting with the psychiatrist for the first time; this can be accounted for the high non-compliance rate. The therapeutic relationship, focusing on the factors effecting non-compliance, and changing our attitudes towards those patients are helpful in reducing the non-compliance rates.

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