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Yıl:2015; Cilt: 5; Sayı: 43>> Özet
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Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi; 2015;5(43):55-68
Bireyle Psikolojik Danışma Uygulamasında Mikro Beceri Süpervizyon Modeli’nin Etkililiğinin İncelenmesi
B Meydan
Ege Üniversitesi, İzmir
Bu araştırmanın amacı, (a) Mikro Beceri Süpervizyon Modeli’nin (MBSM) bireyle psikolojik danışma uygulamasında, psikolojik danışman adaylarının psikolojik danışma becerilerine ve psikolojik danışma özyeterliklerine etkisini incelemek ve (b) modelin etkililiğine ilişkin süpervizörlerin ve psikolojik danışman adaylarının görüşlerini almaktır. Katılımcılar 42 dördüncü sınıf öğrencisidir. Araştırmada, dört öğretim elemanı süpervizör olarak yer almıştır. İki süpervizör deney gruplarına altı oturum MBSM’ne dayalı süpervizyon verirken; iki süpervizör karşılaştırma gruplarına altı oturum karma süpervizyon modeline dayalı süpervizyon vermiştir. Nicel veriler Psikolojik Danışma Becerileri Değerlendirme Hakem Formu ve Psikolojik Danışma Özyeterlik Ölçeği aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Nitel veriler Bireysel Görüşme Formu ve Odak Grup Görüşmesi Formu ile toplanmıştır. Nicel verilerin analizi 2X2 Tekrarlı Ölçümler için ANOVA ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bulgular, deney gruplarındaki öğrencilerin dikkati verme, soru sorma, asgari düzeyde teşvik etme, içerik yansıtma, özetleme ve odaklanma becerilerinin karşılaştırma gruplarındaki öğrencilere kıyasla istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde arttığını göstermiştir. Ancak MBSM’ye dayalı süpervizyonun psikolojik danışman adaylarının duygu yansıtma, anlık olma ve talimat verme becerilerine; yardım becerileri, psikolojik danışma oturumu yönetme ve psikolojik danışma sürecindeki zorluklara ilişkin özyeterlik düzeylerine etkisinin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde olmadığı bulunmuştur. Nitel verilerin analizi içerik analizi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Nitel veriler, Katkı, Süpervizyon Modeli ve Öneriler olmak üzere üç kategoride toplanmıştır. Kategoriler incelendiğinde, psikolojik danışman adayları ve süpervizörler MBSM’ye dayalı süpervizyonun deşifre, görüntü kayıtları, formlar, keşfedici sorular ve geribildirim özelliklerinin temel psikolojik danışma becerilerini öğretmede ve yardım becerileri özyeterliğini geliştirmede etkili olduğunu ifade etmişlerdir. Bununla birlikte, MBSM’ye dayalı süpervizyonda süpervizyon süresinin arttırılması, görüntü kayıtlarının kullanılması ve her bir psikolojik danışman adayının oturum yaptığı danışan sayısının arttırılması önerilmiştir.
Examining the Effectiveness of Microcounseling Supervision Model in Individual Counseling Practice
This study aimed to (a) investigate the effect of Microcounseling Supervision Model (MSM) on counseling skills and counseling self-effi cacy levels of counselor trainees, and (b) investigate opinions of supervisors and counselor trainees regarding the effectiveness of MSM in individual counseling practicum. Participants of the study consisted of 42 senior undergraduate students. Four supervisors were included in the study to supervise students. Two supervisors provided six MSM based supervision sessions to experimental groups and two supervisors provided six mixed supervision model based supervision sessions to comparison groups. Quantitative data were collected by Counseling Skills Rating Referee Form, and Counselor Activity Self-Effi cacy Scale. Qualitative data were collected by Individual Interview Form and Focus Group Interview Form. Quantitative data were analyzed with a 2X2 Repeated Measures of ANOVA. Results showed that attending behavior, questioning, minimal encouragement, refl ection of content, summarization, and focusing skills of students in experimental groups were signifi cantly increased when compared to comparison groups. However, the effect of MSM on refl ection of feeling, immediacy and directives skills, and helping skill, session management, and counseling challenges selfeffi cacy levels of counselor trainees were not signifi cant. Qualitative data were analyzed with content analysis. Results indicated Contributions, Supervision Model, and Recommendations categories. When categories are reviewed, counselor trainees and supervisors stated that transcripts, video records, forms, thought-provoking questions, and feedback of MSM based supervision were effective for teaching basic counseling skills and developing helping skills self-effi cacy. Nevertheless, it was suggested that length of supervision sessions should be increased in MSM, video recordings should be used in supervision and number of clients for each counselor trainee should be increased

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