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Yıl:2003; Cilt: 40; Sayı: 1-2>> Özet
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Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi; 2003;40(1-2):40-46
Atipik klinik başlangıç gösteren bir psödohipoparatiroidizm tip 1a olgusu
Z Yapıcı, F Darendeliler, A Gökyiğit, M Eraksoy
İstanbul Üniversitesi İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi, Nöroloji Anabilim Dalı, Çocuk Nörolojisi Birimi, İstanbul.
Psödohipoparatiroidizm (PHPT), parathormon (PTH) salgılanmasında bir defekt olmadığı halde hipoparatiroidizm klinik bulgularının varlığı ile belirlenen bir tablodur. Klinik belirtilerin yanısıra biyokimyasal incelemede düşük kalsiyum, yüksek fosfor ve PTH saptanması, böbrek fonksiyonlarının normal bulunması ile tanı konur. PHPT Tip 1a’da, PTH’un reseptörle etkileşimini sağlayan Gs protein aktivitesinde düşüklük bulunmaktadır. Bu hastalıkta kısa ense, yuvarlak yüz, obezite, metakarp ve metatarslarda kısalık, distal falankslarda kısalık ve kalınlık başlıca karakteristik fenotipik özellikleri oluşturmaktadır. Bu çocuklarda çoğunlukla hafif derecede mental gerilik de saptanabilmektedir.

Bu yazıda ele alınan 14 yaşındaki erkek hasta, bir kez geçirdiği jeneralize konvülsiyon nedeni ile incelenmiştir. Normal doğum ve nöromotor gelişme gösterdiği, 1.5-3 yaşları arasında 4 kez febril konvülsiyon geçirdiği, 6 yaşından sonra ellerde uyuşmanın ve takiben merdiven çıkma güçlüğünün başladığı dikkati çekmiştir. Nörolojik muayenesinde alt proksimal kaslarda hafif güçsüzlük, derin tendon reflekslerinde hipoaktivite ve Gower’s işareti saptanmıştır. Chvostek ve Trousseau testleri pozitif değerlendirilen hastanın elektromiyografik incelemesinde miyopatik özellikler tespit edilmiştir. Düşük ense saç çizgisi, 4. metakarpta kısalık, mental gerilik, bilgisayarlı tomografide intrakraniyal kalsifikasyonlarla birlikte biyokimyasal veriler PHPT tip Ia tablosunu doğrulamıştır.

Bu tabloda görülen epileptik nöbetler antikonvülsanlara yanıtsız olup eksik olan kalsiyumun yerine konulması ile tedavi edilebilmektedir. Pratik uygulamada nörolojik semptomatolojinin tedavi edilebilirliği ve progresyonun engellenebilmesi açısından PHPT’yi de akılda tutmak gerekmektedir. Bu yazıda PHPT tip Ia’ya özgü morfolojik özellikler, hipokalseminin yol açtığı epileptik nöbetler ve elektroensefalografik özellikler gözden geçirilmiştir.

A Case of Pseudohypoparathyroidism Type 1a with Atypical Presentation
Pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHPT) is characterized by clinical signs of hypoparathyroidism without a defect in the parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion. Besides clinical manifestations, diagnosis is made by demonstration of decreased calcium, elevated phosphorus and PTH levels and normal renal functions.

In PHP type Ia, the deficient activity has been found in the stimulatory G protein that couples PTH receptors to the enzyme. The characteristic phenotypical features include short neck, round face, obesity, metacarpal and metatarsal shortening, as well as shortening and widening of distal phalanges. Mild mental retardation can be found in these cases.

A fourteen- [year]-old boy was presented with a generalized convulsion. History showed normal birth and neuromotor development. He experienced febrile convulsions four times when he was between the ages of 1.5 and 3 [year]s. After age six, he began to have contraction and numbness of the hands and difficulties in climbing stairs. Neurologic examination showed mild weakness of the lower proximal muscles, hypoactivity of the deep tendon reflexes and positive Gower's sign. Tests employed yielded positive results both for Chvostec’s and Trousseau’s signs. Electromyographic analysis revealed myopathic changes. Short neck with low hairline, shortness of the fourth metacarpal bone, mental retardation, intracranial calcifications were detected on computed tomography images, and biochemical findings were in agreement with PHPT type Ia.

Epileptic seizures occurring under these conditions are usually unresponsive to anticonvulsants and can be managed by calcium replacement. In clinical practice, PHPT should be kept in mind in order to treat neurologic symptomatology and prevent progression. This paper focuses on morphologic features of PHPT type Ia and neurologic findings caused by hypocalcemia, especially epilepsy and electroencephalographic features.

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