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Yıl:2014; Cilt: 17; Sayı: 34>> Özet
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Türk Psikoloji Yazıları; 2014;17(34):85-100
Tersine Beyin Göçünde Sosyal Ağların Rolü: Türkiyeli Mühendislerin Almanya'dan Geriye Göç Deneyim ve Algıları 
U Sunata
Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi, İstanbul
Bu çalışmanın amacı yüksek eğitimli göçmenlerin Türkiye’ye tersine beyin göçündeki sosyal ağların değeri ve rolü- nü incelemektir. Bourdieu’nun (1986) sosyal sermaye kavramı temelinde, geri dönen göçmenlerin sosyal bağlarındaki değişimler ve çelişkiler sosyolojik bir bakışla irdelenmiştir. Almanya’da bir süre çalıştıktan sonra Türkiye’ye geri dönen 11 mühendisle gerçekleştirilen yarı-yapılandırılmış mülakatlardan oluşturulan niteliksel veri, konvansiyonel ve güdümlü içerik analizleriyle değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmada beyin göçü kapsamında değerlendirilen expat ağları, diaspora ağı ve akrabalık ağlarının (a) öncül göç kararı, (b) göç süreci ve (c) geriye göç kararı üzerindeki etki ve rolleri tartışılmıştır. Geri dönüş deneyimine dair bireyin maddi-olmayan sosyal fayda algısının egemen olduğu gö- rülmüştür. Bu çalışmada göçmenin ajansal gücüyle sosyal ağlarını sermayeye dönüştürme bakımından aktif olduğu görülmüştür. Öncül göçte bağların zayıf olduğu sosyal ağlara, tersine göçte ise bağların kuvvetli olduğu sosyal ağlara atfedilen değerin arttığı tespit edilmiştir. Geriye göçün göçle oluşan sosyal statü çelişkilerini rahatlattığı, hatta köken ülke sosyal çevrelerinde kişilerin itibarının yeniden okunmasını sağladığı anlaşılmıştır. Göçle evliliğin idaresi ve evlilikle göçün idaresi göçün özgürleştirici yanı ile birlikte bu çalışmadan çıkan özel çalışma başlıklarıdır.
The Role of Social Networks on Reverse Brain Migration: Migration Experience and Perceptions of Turkish Engineer Returnees from Germany 
The purpose of the present study is to investigate social networks’ value and role on remigration of highly educated people to Turkey. Changes in and contradictions among social links of return migrants through their migration experiences were examined with the Bourdieuian concept of social capital (1986) from the sociological perspective. The study is based on the qualitative data consisting of semi-structured in-depth interviews conducted with 11 engineer returnees to Turkey after working for a while in Germany. After evaluating the interviews with conventional and directed content analyses, results are discussed with reference to the impacts and roles of the related social networks –expat networks, diaspora network, and network among relatives– on (a) primary migration decision, (b) migration experience, and (c) remigration decision. Results revealed the dominance of individual immaterial social benefit perception in the context of remigration. Findings indicated that migrants were active in converting their social networks to social capital due to their agentic power. Results also revealed that migrants assigned more value to social networks of weak ties in primary migration, while assigning of strong ties in their remigration. Reverse migration relieves social status contradictions emerging with primary migration. In fact, remigration provides re-reading migrants’ prestige in their social environments in the country of origin. Besides emancipatory character of migration, handling marriage with migration and handling migration with marriage are special topics emerged from this study.

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