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Yıl:2014; Cilt: 17; Sayı: 34>> Özet
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Türk Psikoloji Yazıları; 2014;17(34):3-15
Türk Göçmen Ailelerde Sosyalleştirme Hedefleri ve Ana Babalık: Okul Öncesi Döneme Detaylı Bakış 
E Durgel, B Yağmurlu
Yaşar Üniversitesi, İzmir
Batı Avrupa, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri gibi Batılı toplumlarda azınlıkların sayısının ve yaşadıkları uyum problemlerinin artmasıyla birlikte, çok kültürlü toplum yapısına ve kültürleşmenin göçmen grupların aile dinamiklerine olan etkisine dair akademik ilgi de artmaktadır. Bu makalenin amacı, kültürleşmenin ana-babalığı nasıl etkilediğini inceleyen araştırmaları ele alarak çoğunlukla Avrupa’da yaşayan Türk göçmenlerin aile yapısı ve çocuk yetiştirme biliş ve davranışları üzerine bir derleme sunmaktır. Daha çok toplulukçu kültürlerden bireyci kültürlere göç eden anne babaların ebeveynlik örüntüleri Batılı anne babalar ile karşılaştırıldığında bazı önemli farklılıklar göze çarpmaktadır. Türk anneler daha itaat odaklı çocuk yetiştirirken, Batılı annelerin özerkliği destekleyen bir ebeveynlik örüntüsü ortaya koydukları görülmektedir. Ancak göç ettikleri ev sahibi kültürün değerlerine uyum sağlama eğilimi gösteren Türk göçmen annelerin çocuk yetiştirme bilişleri Batı toplumlarında önemsenen özerklik hedeflerine doğru bir değişim göstermektedir. Bu annelerin otoriter disiplin teknikleri ve müdahaleci tutumlarında bir azalma olduğunu bulgulayan birçok çalışma vardır. Yine de kültürleşme stratejisi olarak bütünleşmeyi benimseyen göçmen ailelerde dahi Türk kültüründe önemli olan anne babaya saygı, aileyle yakın ilişkiler gibi bazı temel değerlerin korunduğu bulgular arasındadır. Kültürleşmedeki farklılıkların yanı sıra, eğitim ve gelir düzeyi gibi sosyoekonomik faktörler de Türk göçmen anne-babaların çocuk yetiştirmeleri üzerinde rol oynamaktadır. Türk göçmenler tek tip bir çocuk yetiştirme şekli göstermemekte, kültürleşme ve sosyoekonomik düzey gibi unsurlara bağlı olarak çeşitli ana babalık biliş ve davranışları sergilemektedirler.
Socialization Goals and Parenting in Turkish Immigrant Families: A Close Look at the Families with Preschoolers 
As the immigrant population increases in the Western societies, particularly in Europe and the USA, diversity and its role on family patterns have gained prominence and attracted academic attention in the last years. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the literature on the role of culture and acculturation on parenting with a particular focus on child-rearing beliefs and practices of Turkish immigrant parents in Europe. Immigration is mainly from collectivistic cultures to individualistic Western countries and thus, the mainstream and immigrant parents display differences in their child-rearing patterns. Turkish immigrant mothers are shown to reflect a more obedience-oriented child rearing while the parenting pattern of Western mothers is more independence oriented. Regarding the acculturation strategies of immigrant mothers, parenting beliefs and practices of Turkish mothers who adopt the cultural values of the Western host society are found to display a tendency towards encouragement of independence and assertiveness. However, core cultural values such as respect to parents, close family ties remain to be important child-rearing goals even for mothers who are integrated into the host society. Educational and socioeconomic backgrounds of mothers are variables shown to be playing a significant role on parenting in addition to acculturation strategies. Overall, Turkish immigrant mothers are not a homogenous group when it comes to their child rearing and various factors such as acculturation, educational background and socioeconomic status need to be examined in detail in order to develop a better understanding of parenting in Turkish immigrant population.

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