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Yıl:2014; Cilt: 25; Sayı: 4>> Özet
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Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2014;25(4):234-243
Evlat Edinilmiş ve Biyolojik Ebeveyniyle Yaşayan Çocukların Davranışsal ve Duygusal Sorunları ve Bağlanma Düzeyleri ile Anne Babalarının Çocuk Yetiştirme Stillerinin Karşılaştırmalı Olarak Değerlendirilmesi
İA Dikmeer, N Erol, T Gençöz
Atılım Üniversitesi, Ankara
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, evlat edinilmiş ve biyolojik ailesi yanında yaşayan çocukların davranışsal ve duygusal sorunlarını, çocukların bağlanma ilişkileri ve ebeveynlerinin çocuk yetiştirme stilleri kapsamında karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirmektir. Yöntem: 6-18 yaşları arasındaki 61 evlat edinilmiş çocuk (34 kız, 27 erkek) ve yaş/cinsiyet bakımından eşleştirilmiş biyolojik ailesi yanında yaşayan 62 çocuk (35 kız, 27 erkek) ile bu çocukların anne-babaları araştırmaya dahil edilmişlerdir. Ölçümler hem anne-babalardan, hem de çocuklardan elde edilmiştir. Anne babalar çocukları için 6-18 Yaş Çocuk ve Gençler için Davranış Değerlendirme Ölçeği (CBCL) ve Okul Çağı Çocukları için Mizaç Ölçeği’ni, kendileri için de Temel Kişilik Özellikleri Ölçeği ve Çocuk Yetiştirme Stilleri Ölçeği’ni doldurmuşlardır. Çocuklar, anne ve babaları ile ilgili algılarını belirtmek için Kerns Güvenli Bağlanma Ölçeği ile Çocuk Yetiştirme Stilleri Ölçeği’ni kullanmışlardır. On bir yaşından büyük çocuklar ek olarak 11-18 Yaş Grubu Gençler için Kendini Değerlendirme Ölçeği’ni de doldurmuşlardır. Bulgular: Evlat edinilmiş çocukların hiç bir ölçümde, biyolojik aileleriyle yaşayan akranlarından farklı olmadıkları saptanmıştır. Alan yazınından farklı olarak, çocuğun evlat edinilme yaşı sorun davranışı ile ya da anne babasına bağlanması ile ilişkili bulunmamıştır. Öte yandan, çocuğun evlat edinildiğini öğrenme yaşı ile sorun davranışları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuş, çocuğun özel durumunu öğrenme yaşı geciktikçe sorun davranışlarının da arttığı saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Yaşanılan sorunlar tek başına evlat edinilmiş olmaya bağlı değildir, gelişimsel süreç içinde ele alınmalıdır.
Emotional and Behavioral Problems Associated with Attachment Security and Parenting Style in Adopted and Non-Adopted Children
Objective: This study aimed to investigate and compare emotional and behavioral problems in Turkish adoptees and non-adopted peers raised by their biological parents. Materials and Methods: The study included 61 adopted children (34 female and 27 male) aged 6-18 years and 62 age- and gender-matched non-adopted children (35 female and 27 male). Parents rated their children’s problem behaviors using the Child Behavior Checklist/6-18, temperament characteristics using the School Age Temperament Inventory, their own personality traits using the Basic Personality Traits Inventory, and their parenting styles using the Measure of Child Rearing Styles. Children rated their parents’ availability and reliability as attachment figures using the Kerns Security Scale and parenting styles using the Measure of Child Rearing Styles. Adolescents aged 11-18 years self-rated their problem behaviors using the Youth Self Report. Group differences and correlations were analyzed. Results: There were non-significant differences in all scale scores between the adopted and non-adopted groups. In contrast to the literature, age of the children at the time of adoption was not associated with problem behaviors or attachment relationships. On the other hand, the findings indicate that as the age at which the children learned that they had been adopted increased emotional and behavioral problems increased. Conclusion: Adoption alone could not explain the problem behaviors observed in the adopted children; the observed problem behaviors should be considered within the context of the developmental process.

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