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Yıl:2011; Cilt: 14; Sayı: 28>> Özet
TAM METİN
Türk Psikoloji Yazıları; 2011;14(28):60-78
Tecavüze İlişkin Kültürel Mitler ve Mitlerin Kabul Edilmesine Etki Eden Faktörler 
T Eker, E Erdener
Şefkat Koleji, İstanbul
Bu makalenin amacı, tecavüz mitlerini ve mitlerin kabulünü etkileyen faktörleri, yurtdışında ve ülkemizde yapılmış teorik ve uygulamalı çalışmaları derlemek yoluyla incelemektir. Tecavüz mitleri, tecavüz, tecavüzcü ve tecavüz mağduru hakkında sahip olunan önyargılı, kalıplaşmış ya da yanlış inançlar olarak tanımlanır. Tecavüz mitleri, cinsiyetçiliğin, cinsiyet rolleri kalıpyargılarmın, kadına karşı düşmanlığın, kişilerarası şiddetin kabulünün ve cinsel muhafazakarlığın bileşenlerini içeren sosyal normların bir sonucudur. Mitlerin kabulü; mağdurun algılanan cinsel saygınlığından, cinsel yöneliminden, mağdurun ırkından ve etnik kimliğinden etkilenir. Tecavüz mitleri, sadece bireysel yanlış inançlar değil, sosyal birer normdur ve tecavüzün anlamının etkisizleştirilmesine, mağdurunun damgalanmasına, tecavüzcünün göreceli olarak olumlu algılanmasına ve tecavüzün kadına yönelik bir cinsel şiddet türü olarak yaygınlaşmasına sebep olurlar. Dahası, mağdurun kendisini suçlayıp adli mercilere başvurmamasına, yargı sürecinde mağdurun güvenirliğinin sorgulanmasına, tecavüzcünün kayırılmasma, ceza almamasına ya da cezasının hafiflemesine; en önemlisi, bir kadına karşı uygulanan cinsel şiddet vasıtasıyla tüm kadınlara gözdağı verilerek toplumdaki erkek egemenliğinin perçinlenmesine hizmet ederler. Tecavüz mitleri, eğitimle, uzman bilirkişilerin mahkemelere katkısıyla, ruh sağlığı, hukuk, tıp ve adli bilimler çalışanlarının bakış açılarındaki değişimle ortadan kaldırılabilir. Makalede, tecavüz mitlerinin tanımı, mitleri doğuran ve yaygınlaştıran sebepler, tecavüz mitleri ölçeklerinden örnekler, mitlerin kabulüne etki eden faktörler ile mitlerin toplumsal hafızadan nasıl silinebileceğine dair öneriler ele alınacaktır.
Cultural Myths Related to Rape and Factors Affecting the Acceptance of Myths
The purpose of this article is to examine rape myths and the factors which affect the acceptance of rape myths by reviewing theoretical and practical studies. Rape myths include prejudicial, stereotyped, or false beliefs about rape, rapists and rape victims, and create a hostile climate to rape victims. Rape myths facilitate denial and justify male sexual aggression against women. Rape myths are the results of sexism, gender role stereotypes, hostility towards women, and acceptance of interpersonal violence and sexual conservatism as the components of social norms. The acceptance of rape myths is affected by the perception of the victim's sexual respectability, his/her race, ethnic identity and sexual orientation. Rape myths are not only individual false beliefs, but are also social norms. They cause neutralization of the meaning of rape, stigmatization of the victim and relative feelings of sympathy towards the rapist. Moreover, they prevent the victim from filing charges against the rapist because of self-blame, they cause the reliability of the victim to be questioned by the court, and provide protection to the rapist, hindering his punishment or having him sentenced to a lighter penalty in the court case. In this article, the definition of rape myths and the factors of their acceptance, examples of scales of the rape myths, and also how these myths are removed from communal memory will be discussed.

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