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Yıl:2012; Cilt: 15; Sayı: 29>> Özet
TAM METİN
Türk Psikoloji Yazıları; 2012;15(29):69-85
İlk ve Orta Ergenlikte Akran Zorbalığı: Gerçekleştiği Yerler ve Baş Etme Yolları 
P Burnukara, Z Uçanok
TED Ankara Koleji, Ankara
Bu araştırmanın amacı, ilk ve orta ergenlik dönemini temsil eden yaş grubunda ergenlerin akran zorbalığı deneyimlerini, akran zorbalığının gerçekleştiği yerleri ve baş etme yollarını incelemektir. Araştırma, ilköğretim ikinci kademe ve liseye devam eden yaşları 12 ile 18 arasında değişen 868 ergenle yürütülmüştür (Ort. = 14.73, S = 1.79). Ergenlere son altı ay içerisinde okul içinde ve okul dışında ne sıklıkla zorbalık tanımı içinde yer alan davranışlar uyguladıkları ve maruz kaldıkları ve zorbalıkla baş etmede ne tür yöntemler kullandıklarını belirlemeye yönelik sorular sorulmuştur. Ergenlerin % 31.9'unun akran zorbalığına herhangi bir şekilde dâhil olduğu, genel olarak akran zorbalığına maruz kalma açısından cinsiyete göre farklılık olmadığı, erkeklerin zorbalık davranışlarını kızlara göre daha fazla sergiledikleri görülmüştür. Zorbalık türlerine göre değerlendirildiğinde erkeklerin fiziksel zorbalığa, kızların ise ilişkisel zorbalığa ve kişisel eşyalara saldırıya daha fazla maruz kaldıkları bulunmuştur. Bununla birlikte erkeklerin korkutma/sindirme, fiziksel saldırı ve eşyaya saldırı yollarını kızlardan daha fazla kullandıkları bulunmuştur. Zorbalığa maruz kalma ortaokul yılları boyunca azalma eğilimi göstermekte, bu eğilim ortaokuldan liseye geçişte (9. sınıf) anlamlı hale gelmektedir, benzer şekilde ergenler ortaokul son sınıfta lisenin ilk yılma göre, lisenin ikinci yılında da önceki yıla göre (9. sınıf) daha fazla zorbalık türünden davranışlar uygulamaktadırlar. Akran zorbalığıyla mücadelede kızların başkalarından yardım isteme gibi sosyal destek arama davranışlarını, erkeklerin ise karşı koyarak mücadele etme gibi dışsallaştırma ve okuldan uzak durma gibi kaçınma davranışlarını daha fazla tercih ettikleri bulunmuştur. Zorba statüsünde yer alan ergenler karşı koyarak mücadele etmeyi ve okuldan uzak durmayı, kurban statüsündeki ergenler ise birine anlatmayı ve bu davranışları yapanlardan uzak durmayı daha çok tercih etmişlerdir. Ergenler zorbalık türünden davranışlarla hem okul içinde hem de okul dışında karşılaştıklarını belirtmişlerdir.
Bullying in Early and Middle Adolescence:Where Does It Take Place and Coping Strategies
The purpose of the present study is to examine adolescents' bullying experiences, where bullying takes place, what kinds of strategies do adolescents use to cope with bullying. A total of 868 adolescents between the ages of 12 and 18 (M= 14.73, SD = 1.79) were asked to complete a self-report questionnaire designed to assess; demographic information and their experiences for being a bully and a victim for the last six months, how often bullying experienced inside and outside the school and the best way to cope with bullying. It was found that 31.9 % of the adolescents involved in bullying. While boys were more likely to be bullies than girls, gender was not significant for victimization. Boys experienced more physical victimization whereas girls reported more relational and attacks on property forms of being bullied, however boys reported more threatening, attacks on property and physical type of bullying. Victimization tends to decrease during secondary school years, and this tendency becomes significant when transition from secondary school to high school (9th grade). Similarly, the adolescents showed more bullying behaviors in the final year of secondary school, compared to the first year of high-school, and in the second year of high-school, compared to the previous year (9th grade). In terms of gender, while girls preferred seeking for social support, boys preferred externalization behaviors (e.g., fighting back) and avoiding behaviors (e.g., staying away from school) to cope with bullying. Bullies preferred fighting back and staying away from school, while victims preferred to tell someone (parent/teacher) and avoid from those who display bullying behaviors. Adolescents reported that they experienced bullying both inside and outside of the school.

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