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Yıl:2012; Cilt: 15; Sayı: 29>> Özet
TAM METİN
Türk Psikoloji Yazıları; 2012;15(29):43-56
Zihin Kuramı Gelişiminde Kardeş Etkisi: İkizler, Tek Kardeşliler ve Tek Çocukların Karşılaştırılması 
S Karakelle
İstanbul Üniversitesi, İstanbul
Bu araştırmanın amacı 36-72 ay arası çocuklarda, dil becerisi ve yaş kontrol edildiğinde ikizler, tek çocuklar ve tek kardeşli çocukların zihin kuramı düzeyleri arasında fark olup olmadığının incelenmesidir. Çalışma, 39'u tek çocuk (21K, 18 E), 39'u kardeşli çocuk (21K, 18 E) ve 20 tanesi ikiz (10 K, 10 E) olmak üzere toplam 98 (52 K, 46E) çocuk üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Zihin kuramını becerisini değerlendirmek için Görünüş - Gerçeklik; Beklenmedik Yer Değişikliği ve Beklenmedik İçerik Görevleri; dil becerisi için ise Peabody Resim Kelime Testi kullanılmıştır. Bulgulara göre dil yeteneği ve yaş kontrol edildiğinde, ikiz, tek kardeşli ve tek çocukların zihin kuramı becerileri arasında fark olup olmadığı incelenmiş ve ikiz grup lehine anlamlı fark bulunmuştur. Tek çocuklar ve tek kardeşi olanlar arasında anlamlı fark bulunmamaktadır. Bu sonucun diğer pek çok araştırmada olduğu gibi, mevcut literatürdeki uyumsuz sonuçlara bir yenisini daha eklediğini kabul etmek gerekir. Bu konudaki araştırmalardan elde edilen uyumsuz bulgular göz önüne alındığında bu uyumsuzluğu açıklayabilecek ve incelenmemiş bir başka değişken olabileceğini varsaymak mümkün görünmektedir. Örneğin, çocukların anaokullarmdaki yaşantı ve etkileşimlerinin araştırılmasının kardeş etkisi sorununa yeni bir bakış açışı getireceği ve uyumsuz bulguları açıklayabileceği düşünülebilir.
Influences of Siblings on the Development Theory of Mind: Comparison of Twins, Children with One Siblingand Only Children
The purpose of that study is to compare 36-72 month old twins, only child and children with siblings in terms of their theory of mind development when age and theory of mind are held constant. The participants included 98 (52 girls, 46 boys) 36-72 month old preschool children. 20 of these participants were twins (10 girls, 10 boys), 39 of them were children with one sibling (21 girls, 18 boys), and 39 of them were only child (21 girls, 18 boys). To asses theory of mind, Appearance-Reality Task, Unexpected Location Task, Unexpected Content Task and to asses' language PRKT were used. When twins, only child and child with one sibling was compared in terms of their theory of mind when language and age were controlled results showed that twins hav^higher theory of mind than both of the other groups. A significant difference between only child and child with one sibling in terms of theory of mind was not found. When incongruent results in that topic are taken into consideration, it is possible to assume an uninspected variable to exist. For instance, investigation of interaction and life in preschools may bring a new perspective to topic or may explain incongruent results.

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