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Yıl:2013; Cilt: 16; Sayı: 32>> Özet
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Türk Psikoloji Yazıları; 2013;16(32):95-106
Sahnedeki Düşman: Müzisyenlerde Performans Kaygısı Üzerine Bir Gözden Geçirme
OC Çırakoğlu
Başkent Üniversitesi, Ankara
Müzik Performans Kaygısı (MPK) her yaştan profesyonel ve amatör müzisyenin yaşayabileceği ve gerçek performans üzerinde olumsuz etkileri olan bir kaygı problemidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, MPK ile ilişkili değişkenleri ve bunlara ait araştırma bulgularını gözden geçirmek, başa çıkma ve müdahale yöntemleri ile sık başvurulan ölçüm araçları hakkında yazın temelli bir çerçeve çizmektir. MPK’nın belirtileri genel olarak bilişsel, somatik ve davranışsal olmak üzere üç temel grupta ele alınmaktadır. Gözden geçirilen çalışmalarda yüksek düzeyde MPK yaşayan müzisyenlerin oranı farklılık göstermektedir. Bu yazıda değinilen araştırmalarda oran %21 ile %59 arasında değişmektedir. Ancak bu verilere dayanılarak MPK’nın müzisyenler arasında sık karşılaşılan bir problem olduğu söylenebilir. Yapılan araştırmalar MPK’nın içedönüklük, mükemmeliyetçilik ve sürekli kaygı gibi kişilikle özellikleriyle ilişkili olabileceğini göstermektedir. Özellikle, MPK ile mükemmeliyetçilik ve sürekli kaygı arasında pozitif ilişkiler bulan görgül çalışmalar benzer bulgular sunmaktadır. MPK’nın etkilerini azaltmak için müzisyenlerin kullandığı başa çıkma çalışmaları geniş bir repertuar oluşturmaktadır. Bunlar arasında gevşeme ve solunum egzersizleri yapmak, ilaç kullanmak, olumlu tutumu korumaya çalışmak, doğal maddeler almak, alkol kullanmak gibi işlevsel olan ve olmayan stratejiler yer almaktadır. MPK’ya müdahale yöntemlerini kontrollü çalışmalarla sınayan çalışmaların sayısının azlığı dikkat çekicidir. Bu sınırlılığa karşın, yapılan çalışmalar davranışsal yöntemlerin ve Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapi uygulamalarının etkili sonuçlar verdiğini göstermektedir. Bu yazıda ilgili yazın belirli başlıklar altında özetlenmiş ve gelecekteki çalışmalar için bazı öneriler getirilmiştir
The Enemy on the Stage: A Review of Performance Anxiety in Musicians 
The Music Perfomance Anxiety (MPA) is an anxiety problem that professional and amateur musicians of all ages can experience and that has negative effects on real performance. The aim of this study is to review MPA-related variables and their research findings and to create a literature-based framework concerning coping and intervention strategies and frequently used measurement tools. The symptoms of MPA are usually categorized in three main groups: cognitive, somatic and behavioral. The studies that are reviewed have differing percentages of musicians experiencing high levels of MPA. These percentages range between 21% and 59% in the studies referred to in this article. Based on this data, however, it can be argued that MPA is a frequently experienced problem among musicians. Research indicates that MPA can be related to personality traits such as introversion, perfectionism and trait anxiety. Especially empirical studies report similar findings regarding positive relationships between perfectionism and trait anxiety. There is a wide variety of coping strategies used by musicians in order to decrease the effects of MPA. Among these are both functional and dysfunctional strategies, such as doing relaxation and breathing exercises, using medication, trying to preserve a positive attitude, using natural products, and drinking alcohol. It is striking to observe how there are very few studies testing MPA intervention strategies through controlled studies. Despite this limitation, the existing studies indicate that behavioral techniques and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy lead to some effective results. This article summarized the related literature under certain headings and made some suggestions concerning future research.

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