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Yıl:2014; Cilt: 17; Sayı: 33>> Özet
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Türk Psikoloji Yazıları; 2014;17(33):15-30
Bipolar Bozuklukta Bilişsel Yatkınlık-Stres Kuramları 
Z Maçkalı
Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara
Bir kuramsal derleme olan bu makalede, yatkınlık-stres kuramı çerçevesinde bilişsel modeller ele alınmıştır. Bipolar bozukluğa özgü bilişlerin biyolojik yatkınlıkla birlikte manik veya depresif belirtileri tetiklediğini savunan ‘Bilişsel-Yatkınlık Stres Kuramları’, ‘Umutsuzluk Kuramı’, ‘Tepki Stilleri Kuramı’ ve ‘Bilişsel-Davranışçı Model’ başlıkları altında incelenmiştir. Umutsuzluk Kuramı, negatif yaşam olaylarına kalıcı ve genel nedenler atfeden, bu olayların sonuçlarını felaketleştiren ve bu olaylardan dolayı kendilerini değersiz ve yetersiz gören bireylerin depresyon yaşamaya daha eğilimli oldukları üzerinedir. Tepki Stilleri Kuramı ise, stresli bir yaşam olayıyla başa çıkmak için kullanılan duygu-düzenleme becerilerinin kaygı ve depresyon belirtilerini yordadığını belirtmektedir. Bilişseldavranışçı model ise, belirli düşünce örüntülerinin duygudurum dalgalanmalarına sebep olduğunu vurgulamaktadır. Bu model, bipolar bozuklukta çevresel etkenlerin ve içsel duyumların bilişsel olarak nasıl yorumlandığını ele alır. Bunu içsel duyumları çevresel etkenlerle bağlantılandırarak yapar. Bu derlemede “bilişsel-davranışçı model”den temellenen yaklaşımlar incelenmiştir. Ele alına yaklaşımlar, kurama bakış açıları ve kurama kazandırdıkları farklı yönler de kapsanarak detaylandırılmıştır. Derlemede incelenen yaklaşımlar, psikososyal müdahale bakımından nasıl bir kapsam sundukları, bipolar bozukluğu ele alışları ve önerdikleri yöntemler bağlamında terapötik doğurgular olarak ayrı bir başlık altında sunulmuştur. Sonuç bölümünde ise, bahsi edilen yaklaşımların ortak yönleri ve farklılıkları ile vurguladıkları noktalar tartışılmıştır.
Cognitive Vulnerability-Stress Theories in Bipolar Disorder 
In this theory-based review, the cognitive models were examined within the scope of vulnerability-stress theory. “Cognitive vulnerability-stress theories” argue that together with biological vulnerability, cognitions that are specific to bipolar disorder trigger manic and depressive symptoms. These theories were examined under the headings of “Hopelessness Theory”, “Response Styles Theory”, and “Cognitive-Behavioral Model”. The Hopelessness Theory states that individuals who attribute permanent and general reasons to negative life events, who catastrophize the results of these events and who consider themselves worthless and inadequate are more inclined to depression. The Response Styles Theory indicates that emotion regulation abilities which are used for coping with stressful life event predict anxiety and depression symptoms. The Cognitive-Behavioral Model emphasizes that specific thought patterns result in mood swings. This model examines how environmental factors and internal states are interpreted cognitively. This review elaborates on cognitive-behavioral model by including not only approaches which are based on this model, but also different perspectives of these theoreticians/clinicians. These approaches were presented in a separate heading as “therapeutic implications” in terms of their scopes, how they examine bipolar disorder and methods that they suggest. In the conclusion section, these approaches were discussed in terms of common features, differences, and emphasized points.

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