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Yıl:2013; Cilt: 3; Sayı: 1>> Özet
Psikiyatride Güncel; 2013;3(1):60-68
Yașlılarda somatizasyon vesomatoform bozukluklar
E Deveci
Bezmiâlem Vakıf Üniversitesi, İstanbul
Objektif bir fiziksel temeli olmadığı halde rahatsızlığa neden olan, psikososyal stresörlerle ilişkili olabilecek fiziksel semptomların yaşanması ve ifade edilmesi şeklinde tanımlanan somatizasyon bozukluğu çocukluk yaşlarından ileri yaş dönemine kadar görülebilen ve önemli işgücü kaybına neden olan ve sıklıkla da klinisyenlerce ihmal edilen bir konudur. Somatizasyon bozukluğu bazı yazarlarca bir kişilik boyutu olarak ele alınmış ve somatizasyonun yaşlılık çağına kadar devam eden yaşam boyu süren bir özellik olduğu savunulmuştur. Somatizasyon bozukluğunun sıklığı ile ilgili çalışmalarda yaşlılık döneminde prevalansda bir azalma olduğu öne sürülmekle beraber, bu sonuç gerçek bir azalmayı yansıtmaktan daha çok tanı kriterleri ve araştırma metodolojisinin yaşlı popülasyona uygun olmadığını düşündürmektedir. Yaşam boyu depresif bozukluk, anksiyete bozukluğu gibi psikiyatrik komorbiditeleri sık görülen somatizasyon, aleksitimi ile de sıklıkla ilişkilendirilmektedir. Yaşın getirdiği bedensel değişimler ve fonksiyonlarda bozulma ile birlikte yaşlılık dönemi hem hastalıkların seyri hem de hastalık algısını etkileyen fiziksel ve psikososyal etmenler açısından oldukça özel bir dönemdir. Bu nedenle yaşlı popülasyonda tüm psikiyatrik bozukluklarda olduğu gibi somatoform bozukluklar konusunda da döneme özgü bir yaklaşım sergilenmesi, hastanın belirti ve yakınmalarının ötesinde bir birey olarak değerlendirilmesi, hastanın normal işlevselliğine kavuşturulması yolunda önemli bir yaklaşım biçimi olacaktır.
Somatization and somatoform disorders in elders
Somatization disorder is defined as the experience and reporting of physical symptoms which cause distress, which lack an objective physical basis and may be linked to psychosocial stresses. This disorder can be seen in a lifetime period including childhood and older ages, causes loss of labor and is often neglected by clinicians. Somatization disorder has been considered as a personality dimension and argued to be a lifetime trait continuing up to the old age. Although the studies regarding the prevalence of somatization disorder suggest a reduction in old age, rather than a real reduction, these results seem to reflect the fact that the diagnostic criteria and research methodology are not suitable for elderly population. Somatization is frequently comorbid with depressive and anxiety disorders and often associated with alexithymia. Old age is a very special period in terms of physical and psychosocial factors that affect the course of the diseases and the perception of the illness with physical changes and deterioration in functionality. For this reason, exhibiting the period-specific approach to somatoform disorders and evaluating the patient as an individual beyond the signs and symptoms, will be an important way of approach aiming to bring the patient to his/her normal functionality.

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