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Yıl:2013; Cilt: 3; Sayı: 2>> Özet
TAM METİN
Journal of Mood Disorders; 2013;3(2):64-69
Erişkin yaşta cinsel istismara uğramış bireylerde içselleştirilmiş damgalama ve psikopatoloji arasındaki ilişki
A Sözen, TB Özgür, Ç Elçi, P Bakır, H Efil, İ Özver, E Yüksek, N Cansunar, M Emül
İstanbul Üniversitesi, İstanbul
Amaç: İçselleştirilmiş damgalanma ciddi psikiyatrik hastalıklar ve özellikle de şizofreni üzerine tartışılmış bir kavramdır. Ancak bu kavram cinsel istismara uğramış bireylerde henüz çalışılmamıştır. Biz bu çalışmada, cinsel istismara uğramış bireylerde içselleştirilmiş damgalanmayı ve ilişkili özellikleri araştırmayı amaçladık. Yöntem: Çalışmaya Adli Tıp Kurumu’na cinsel istismar mağduru olan ve ruhsal durum muayenesinin yapılmasının mahkeme kararıyla istendiği bireylerin alınması planlandı ve katılmak için onam veren 44 kadın çalışmaya alındı. Katılımcılardan Ruhsal Hastalıklar İçselleştirilmiş Damgalanma Ölçeği, Beck Depresyon ve Umutsuzluk Ölçeği doldurmaları istendi. Bulgular: Bireylerin yaş ortalaması 25.35±7.34 ve cinsel istismar olayı gerçekleştiğindeki ortalama yaşları 22.91±8.43 idi. Olay sonrası psikiyatrik tanı alan ve almayan bireyler içselleştirilmiş damgalanma ölçeği toplam puanı ve alt ölçek puanları açısından karılaştırıldığında iki grup arasında anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmadı (p>0.05). Beck depresyon ve umutsuzluk ölçekleri ortalama puanı ile içselleştirilmiş damgalanma ölçeği toplam puanı ve alt ölçek puanları arasında (yabancılaşma, kalıp yargılar, algılanan ayrımcılık, sosyal geri çekilme ve damgalanmaya karşı direnç) anlamlı birilişki vardı (p<0.05). Tartışma: Bu çalışma istismara uğrayan bireylerde içselleştirilmiş damgalanma davranışı ve psikopatoloji ile ilişkisini araştıran ilk çalışma olması nedeniyle önemlidir. Çalışmamızda cinsel istismara uğramış bireylerde değişen düzeylerde kendini damgalama davranışı gözlenmiş ve psikiyatrik tanı konan ve konmayanlar arasında bu davranış biçimi açısından anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır. Ancak, psikopatolojinin varlığı kişinin kendini damgalamasını daha da artırmaktadır. Ruh sağlığı profesyonellerinin, cinsel istismara uğramış bütün bireylerde psikiyatrik bir tanıyı karşılamasa da içselleştirilmiş damgalama davranışı için tedavi edici yaklaşımlar geliştirmesi gerekmektedir.
The relationship between internalized stigma and psychopathology in sexually abused individuals
Objective: The internalized stigma is a concept that is discussed mostly in severe mental illnesses and especially in schizophrenia. However, this concept is not studied in sexually traumatized people, yet. In this study, we aimed to investigate the internalized stigma and related features in sexually abused individuals. Methods: The participants who were the victim of sexual abuse and sent by courts to be examined for mental state were planned to be included in the study and after giving informed consent, 44 females were included. Participants were asked to complete the scales of Internalized Stigma Questionnaire for Mental Disorders, Beck Depression and Hopelessness Scales. Results: The current mean age is 25.35±7.34 and the mean age was 22.91±8.43 in the event of sexual abuse. No significant differences were found between participants who had been diagnosed a psychiatric disorder or not after victimization according to total score of internalized stigma scale and subscale scores (p>0.05). There were significant correlations between mean Beck depression and hopelessness scale scores and internalized stigma scale mean total score and subscale scores (alienation, stereotype endorsement, discrimination experience, social withdrawal, and resistance to stigma). Conclusion: This study is important because of being the first that investigates the relationship between behavior of internalized stigma and psychopathology in individuals who had been victimized to sexual abuse. Self stigmatized behaviors are seen in all praticipants who have been sexually abused and there was no difference according to such behaviors between participants whom had been diagnosed as mentally ill or not after victimization. However, an existing self-stigmatization is increasing in the existence of psychopathology. The responsibility of the professionals in mental health should develop new therapeutic or rehabilitative approaches to all sexually abused victims whether they meet psychiatric diagnostic criteria or not.

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