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Yıl:2012; Cilt: 13; Sayı: 4>> Özet
Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi; 2012;13(4):277-284
Çocukluk çağı travmalarının intihar girişimi ve kendine zarar verme davranışı ile ilişkisi
İ Yargıç, E Ersoy, SB Oflaz
İstanbul Üniv. İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi
Amaç: Çocukluk çağındaki travmatik yaşantılar, erişkin yaşamda psikopatolojik belirtilerin fazla görülmesine yol açar. Bütün erişkin psikiyatri hastalarında çocukluk çağı travmatik yaşantılarının sorgulanması önemlidir. Ancak bunu yapmanın en iyi şeklinin ne olduğu açıklığa kavuşmuş değildir. Bu çalışmanın amacı psikiyatri hastalarında çocukluk çağı travmatik yaşantılarının, öz bildirime dayalı bir ölçekle mi, yoksa yarı yapılandırılmış bir görüşme ile mi daha verimli bir şekilde taranacağını araştırmaktır. Ayrıca bu iki yöntemle elde edilen verilerin intihar girişimi ve kendine zarar verme davranışı ile ilişkileri incelenerek, yöntemlerin geçerliliğinin sınanması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Psikiyatri servisinde yatarak tedavi görmekte olan 91 katılımcıdan önce öz bildirime dayalı bir ölçek olan Çocukluk Çağı Örse-lenme Yaşantıları Ölçeğini (ÇÖYÖ) doldurmaları istendi ve daha sonra yarı yapılandırılmış bir görüşme olan Çocukluk Çağında Kötüye Kullanılma ve İhmal Soru Formu (ÇKİS) uygulandı. Ayrıca hastaların sosyodemografik verileri, intihar girişimi ve kendine zarar verme davranışı öyküleri alındı. Bulgular: Katılımcıların ÇÖYÖ'de n elde edilen cinsel istis-mar, fiziksel istismar, duygusal istismar ve ihmal alt ölçekleri ile toplam ölçek puanı ortalamaları ve standart sapmaları sırasıyla 7.5±3.9, 30.6±12.9, 43.9±16.8 ve 81.9±29.3 olarak bulundu. ÇKİS'de katılımcıların %36.3'ü fiziksel istismar, %18.7'si duygusal istismar, %24.2'si fiziksel ihmal, %37.4'ü duygusal ihmal, %22.0?ı cinsel istismar, %6.6?sı ensest öyküsü verdi. Katılımcıların %44.0?ı yaşamlarında en az bir kez ciddi intihar girişiminde bulunmuştu ve %52.7'si kendi-ne zarar verici davranış bildirdi.ÇKİS ile elde edilen istismar ve ihmale ait verilerle ÇÖYÖ'nün ilişkili bölümlerine ait puanlar arasında t-testi uygulandığında ÇKİS'de fiziksel, duygusal istismar ya da duygusal ihmal yaşadığını bildi-renlerde ÇÖYÖ'nün ilgili alt ölçek puanları ve toplam puanları, bu travmaları yaşamayanlara göre anlamlı düzeyde yüksek bulundu. ÇKİS'te cinsel istismar yaşadığını bildirenlerin ÇÖYÖ'nün cinsel kötüye kullanım alt ölçeği puanları ve toplam ölçek puanları, cinsel istismar yaşamayanlardan istatistiksel olarak bir farklılık göstermiyordu. ÇÖYÖ'de fiziksel ihmal ve ayrı bir ensest alt ölçeği bulunmadığı için ÇKİS bulgularıyla karşılaştırma yapılamadı. İntihar girişimi ve kendine zarar verme davranışı öyküleri, ÇKİS ile elde edilen verilere göre fiziksel istismar, duygusal istismar ve duygusal ihmal ile ilişkili bulunurken; ÇÖYÖ'ye göre hiçbir istismar şekliyle ilişkili bulunmamıştır. ÇKİS bulguları lojistik regresyon analizi ile incelendiğinde, intihar girişimi duygusal istismar; kendine zarar verme davranışı ise fiziksel istis-mar ile ilişkili bulunmuştur. Tartışma: Yatan psikiyatri hastalarında çocukluk çağı travma öyküsü yarı yapılandırılmış bir ölçek olan ÇKİS ile alındığında, öz bildirime dayalı ÇÖYÖ ile elde edilen verilerden daha geçerli sonuçlar elde edil-mektedir. İntihar girişimini etkileyen kilit travma duygusal istismar, kendine zarar verme davranışını etkileyen kilit trav-ma ise fiziksel istismardır.
The relation of childhood trauma with suicide attempt and self-mutilation
Objective: Childhood traumatic experiences increase the likelihood of psychopathological findings in adults. It is important to inquire childhood traumatic experiences in all adult psychiatric patients. However, the best way of this inquiry is not clear. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether a self-rating instrument or a semi-structured interview is better for screening childhood traumatic experiences in psychiatric inpatients. We also aim to investigate
the relation between self-mutilative behavior, suicide attempt and childhood trauma accessed with these two instru-ments so that we can compare the external validity of these methods.Methods: We administered Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), a self-rating scale, to 91 psychiatric inpatients and then conducted a semi structured interview (Childhood Abuse and Neglect Inventory, CANI) with these patients. Sociodemograhic data, history of suicide attempt and self-mutilation were also gathered.Findings: Mean sexual abuse, physical abuse and emotional abuse and neglect subscale scores and total score and standard means on CTQ were 7.5±3.9, 30.6±12.9, 43.9±16.8 and 81.9±29.3, respectively. The rates of childhood trauma on CANI were 36.3% for physical abuse, 18.7% for emotional abuse, 24.2% for physical neglect, 37.4% for emotional neglect, 22.0% for sexual abuse, 6.6% for ensest. Forty-four percent of the participants reported a history of serious suicide and 52.7% of them reported self-mutilative behavior. When we grouped the subjects according to their abuse histories on CANI and compared CTQ scores of these groups, the subjects who reported histories of physical and abuse, emotional abuse or emotional neglect on CANI had higher total and subscale scores on CTQ. However, CTQ total and subscale scores did not differentiate the subjects who reported sexual abuse on CANI from those who did not have such a history. As CTQ did not have subscales for physical neglect and ensest, we did not make comparison with CANI. Histories of suicide attempt and self-mutilation were correlated with physical abuse, emotional abuse and emotional neglect on CANI; however, they were not correlated with any kind of childhood abuse or neglect on CTQ. When logistic regression analysis was applied to CANI data, suicide attempt was found to be correlated with emotional abuse and self-mutilation was found to be corre-lated with physical abuse. Discussion: When childhood trauma histories of psychiatric inpatients are assessed with a semistructured interview (CANI), we can get more valid results compared to a self-rating instrument results. The key childhood trauma related to suicide attempt is emotional abuse and the key trauma related to self-mutilation is physical abuse.

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