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Yıl:2011; Cilt: 18; Sayı: 3>> Özet
Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi; 2011;18(3):197-210
Çocukluk ve ergenlik çağı depresyonunda seçici geri alım inhibitörlerinin etkisi ve güvenirliği: Bir meta analiz
Ö Yorbık, C Mutlu
Gülhane Askeri Tıp Akademisi, Haydarpaşa Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi,
Amaç: Çocukluk ve ergenlik çağı depresyonunda etkinlik ve güvenirlik bağlamında hangi serotonin geri alım inhibitö-rünün (SSRİ) en iyisi olduğuna dair kesin bir sonuç yoktur. Bu meta-analizin amacı, çocukluk ve ergenlik çağı depresyonunda SSRI antidepresanlarm etkinliğini, ciddi yan etki olayı, yan etkiden dolayı ilaç kesme, mani, hipomani, öz kıyım yatkınlığı ve öz kıyım girişimi alanlarındaki güvenirliklerini değerlendirmektir. Yöntem:"Depression", "children", "adolescent", "treatment" ve "ilgili ilaç ismi" anahtar kelimeleri kullanılarak PubMed taraması yapıldı. Ayrıca, Mart 2011 'e kadar olan makale ve gözden geçirme yazılarının kaynak listeleri araştırıldı. Bulgular: SSRI'lar ile yapılmış, 2608 çocuk ve ergeni içeren, 13 seçkisiz kontrollü çalışma dahil edildi. SSRI'ların için tedavi edilmesi gereken hasta sayısı 4.7 (fluoksetin için) ile 27.8 (sitalopram için) arasındaydı. SSRI'lar için OR 2.4 (%95 GA 1.7-3.4Jluoksetin için) ile 1.3 (%95 GA 0.6-2.5 sitalopram için) arasındaydı. Fluoksetin en yüksek OR'ye sahip olsa da, Jluoksetinin yanıt oranı %63.2 iken, sertralinin %68.0 ve essitalopramın %63.6 idi. Plasebo yanıt oranı %47.1 olarak bulundu. Öz kıyım eğilimi ve girişimi için SSRI'ların sırasıyla OR'si 2.1 (%95 GA 1.2 - 3.7) ve 1.4 (%95 GA0.7- 2.8) idi. SSRI kullanımı sonucunda tamamlanmış öz kıyım girişimi gözlenmedi. Hipomani oranları mani oranlarına benzerdi (%0.2' ye karşı %0.1; OR: 1.2; %95 GA 0.4-3.7). SSRI kullanımı sırasında ciddi yan etki olaylarının ve ilaç kesimine yol açan yan etkilerin OR'si sırasıyla 1.7 (%95 GA 1.2- 2.4) ve 1.6 (%95 GA 1.1 - 2.3) idi. Tartışma: Bu meta-analiz SSRI antidepresanlarm çocukluk ve ergenlik çağı depresyonunda sınırlı etkilerinin olduğunu düşündürmektedir. SSRI antidepresanlarm çocukluk ve ergenlik çağı depresyonunun tedavisinde tedavi edici etkinlikleri farklı olabilir. Fluoksetin diğer antidepresanlara (örn. sertralin ve essitalopram) göre daha etkili gibi görünse de, çalışmalardaki farklı plasebo yanıt oranlarının sonuçlara katkısı olabilir. Bu meta-analizin sonuçları SSRI'ların çocuk ve ergenlerde öz kıyım yatkınlığını ve girişimini arttırabileceğini düşündürmektedir. Bununla birlikte, meta-analize dahil edilen çalışmaların yöntemleri öz kıyım girişimi ve yatkınlığını araştırmak için uygun değildir. Depresyon olan çocuklar ve ergenlerde SSRI'ların etkinliği ve güvenirliğini değerlendirmek için, karıştırıcı faktörleri hesaba katarak, yöntemsel olarak uygun çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.
Efficacy and safety of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in childhood and adolescent depression: a meta-analysis
Objective: There is no definite conclusion on which the best selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) is in the treatment of childhood and adolescents depression in terms of safety and efficacy. The aims of this meta-analysis are to evaluate efficacy and safety including serious adverse events, adverse events leading to discontinuation, mania, hypomania, suicide proneness and suicide attempt of (SSRIs) in children and adolescents with depressive disorder. Method: Using key words that include "depression", "children", "adolescent", "treatment", and "related drug name", the PubMed was screened. In addition, the reference lists of retrieved articles and reviews were searched up to March 2011. Results: Thirteen randomized controlled studies of SSRIs were included, covering a total of 2608 children and adolescents. Number needed to treat for SSRIs was between 4.7 (for fluoxetine) and 27.8 (for citalopram). The ORs of SSRIs were between 2.4 (95% CI 1.7-3.4 forfluoxetine) and 1.3 (95% CI 0.6-2.5 for citalopram). Although fluoksetin has the highest OR, the response rate of fluoksetin was 63.2% whereas 68.0% for sertraline, and 63.6% for escitalopram. The response rate of plasebo was found to be 47.1%. The pooled ORs of SSRIs for suicide proneness and suicide attempt were 2.1 (95% CI 1.2 - 3.7) and 1.4 (95% CI 0.7 - 2.8), respectively. Completed suicide as a result of treatment with SSRIs was not seen. The rates of hypomania was similar to the rates of mania (0.2% vs. 0.1%; OR: 1.2; 95% CI 0.4-3.7). The pooled ORs of serious adverse events in using SSRI and adverse events leading to discontinuation were 1.7 (95% CI 1.2- 2.4) and 1.6 (95% CI 1.1 - 2.3), respectively.Conclusions: The meta-analysis suggested that SSRI antidepressants have limited efficacy on juvenile depression. The SSRI antidepressants in childhood and adolescent depression treatment may differ in therapeutic efficacy. Although fluoxetine seems to be more effective compared to other antidepressants (e.g. sertraline and escitalopram), diverse plasebo response rates among studies may contribute to results. The results of present meta-analysis suggested that the SSRIs may increase the rate of suicide proneness and attempt in children and adolescents. However, the methodologies of studies that included in meta-analysis were not proper for investigation of suicide proneness and attempt. Taking account potential confounding factors, methodologically suitable studies to evaluate efficacy and safety of SSRIs in children and adolescents with depression are warranted.

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