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Yıl:2012; Cilt: 22; Sayı: 4>> Özet
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Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni; 2012;22(4):332-339
Depresif Bozukluğu olan orta yaşlı hastalarda saat çizme testinin kognitif durumu değerlendirmek için bir tarama testi olarak kullanılması
UG Ozer, FO Orhan, M Celik, HC Ekerbicer, MF Karaaslan
Kahramanmaras Sutcuimam University, Medical Faculty
Amaç: Bu çalışmada, depresif bozukluğu olan orta yaşlı hastalarda saat çizme testi (SÇT) ile bilişsel işlevleri değerlendirmek amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntemler: Bu vaka-kontrol çalışmasına, 96 depresif bozukluk tanısı almış hasta ile 105 sağlıklı birey psikiyatri ve aile hekimliği polikliniklerinden ardışık olarak dahil edildi. Katılımcılara ilk önce sosyodemografik ve medikal özellikleri değerlendiren bir anket formu verildi. Daha sonra Mini Mental Test (MMT) ve Saat Çime Testi (SÇT) uygulandı. Çizimler Manos, Shulman ve Sunderland skorlama yöntemlerine göre değerlendirildi. Depresyonun şiddeti Montgomery-Åsberg Depresyon Değerlendirme Ölçeği kullanılarak belirlendi.
Bulgular: Katılımcıların ortalama yaşı kontrol ve hasta grubunda sırasıyla; 52.45±5.16 ve 52.13±5.53 yıl olarak bulundu. Her iki grup yaş, cinsiyet, eğitim düzeyi ve komorbid hastalık öyküsü açısından farklılık göstermiyordu (p>0.05). Hastaların ortalama depresif hastalık süresi 63.41±86.42 aydı. Hastaların depresyon şiddet sırasıyla; 16 (%16.7) hastada hafif, 70 (%72.9) hastada orta ve 10 (%10.4) hastada ağır olarak tespit edildi. MMT skorları vaka ve kontrol grubunda sırasıyla 77 (%80.2) ve 101 (%96.2) hastada yüksekti (24-30); sırasıyla 19 (%19.8) ve 4 (%3.8) olguda ise düşüktü (?23) (p<0.01). MMT skoru normal olan 101 sağlıklı katılımcının sırasıyla; 29 (%28.7), 28 (%27.7) ve 9 (%8.9)'unda Manos, Shulman ve Sunderland yöntemlerine göre anormal saat çizme skoru saptandı. MMT skoru normal olan 77 hastanın sırasıyla; 49 (%63.6), 28 (%36.3) ve 42 (%54.5)'si nde Manos, Shulman ve Sunderland yöntemlerine göre anormal saat çizme skoru bulundu. MMT skorlarının Manos, Sunderland ve Shulman yöntemlerine göre Pearson korelasyonu sırasıyla r=0.52, r=0.48 and r=0.53 olarak tesbit edildi (p<0.001). Kontrol grubundaki tüm katılımcılar saat-okuma testinde gösterilen zamanı doğru okudular. Hasta grubunda ise, 96 hastadan 92'si gösterilen zamanı doğru olarak okudu. Demografik özellikler, komorbid hastalık öyküsü ve depresif hastalık süresinin SÇT performansı üzerinde bir etkisi tespit edilmedi.
Sonuç: Bilişsel işlevler, depresif bozukluğu olan orta yaşlı hastalarda SÇT kullanılarak taranabilir. SÇT depresif bozuklukta görülebilen kognitif bozukluğu saptamada yeterince duyarlıdır. Semptom şiddeti ile korele olduğu için bu testin depresif bozukluğu olan hastalarda kognitif durumun kabaca değerlendirilmesinde kullanılması yararlıdır (Shulman yöntemi; r=0.26, p<0.05).
Use of clock drawing test as a screening tool for cognitive status evaluation in middle-aged patients with depressive disorder
Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the cognitive functions of middle-aged patients with depressive disorder by using the clock drawing test (CDT).
Methods: In this case control study, the data from 96 patients with depressive disorder and 105 healthy controls, who were recruited from the Psychiatry and Family Medicine clinics, were analyzed. Sociodemographic and medical questionnaires were completed by the participants. Thereafter, the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and CDT (reading and drawing) were conducted. The drawings were rated according to the scoring methods of Manos, Shulman, and Sunderland. The severity of depression was assessed by the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale.
Results: The mean age of the participants were 52.45±5.16 and 52.13±5.53 [year]s for control and patient groups, respectively. The two groups did not differ in age, gender, educational level, or history of comorbid conditions (p>0.05). The mean duration of depressive illness was 63.41±86.42 [month]s. The severity of depression was rated as mild, moderate, or severe in 16 (16.7%), 70 (72.9%), and 10 (10.4%) of the patients, respectively. The MMSE scores were high (24?30) in 77 (80.2%) patients and 101 (96.2%) controls and were low (?23) in 19 (19.8%) patients and 4 (3.8%) controls (p<0.01). Of the 101 controls with normal MMSE scores, 29 (28.7%), 28 (27.7%), and 9 (8.9%) had abnormal clock-drawing scores by the Manos, Shulman, and Sunderland methods, respectively. Of the 77 patients with normal MMSE scores, 49 (63.6%), 28 (36.3%), and 42 (54.5%) had abnormal clock-drawing scores by the Manos, Shulman, and Sunderland methods, respectively. The Pearson correlations of the MMSE with the Manos, Sunderland, and Shulman methods were r=0.52, r=0.48, and r=0.53, respectively and were all statistically significant (p<0.001). All participants in the control group read the indicated time correctly in clock-reading test. However, 92 out of 96 patients read the indicated time correctly. There was no impact of demographic characteristics, comorbid conditions, and duration of depression on the CDT performance of the subjects.
Conclusion: The cognitive functions of middle-aged patients with depressive disorder could be screened by the CDT. The fact that the CDT is sensitive enough to detect the cognitive impairment inherent in depressive disorder, as well as being correlated with symptom severity, makes this test useful in the assessment of cognitive status in depression (Shulman method; r=0.26, p<0.05).

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